Forensics Unit 1 Quiz

Question 1

Criminalistics

Answer 1

Analysis of physical evidence generated by a crime scene

Question 2

Criminology

Answer 2

The study of criminal and behavioral psychology to aid in criminal investigation

Question 3

Forensic Science Goal One

Answer 3

Perform accurate analysis
-Facts not opinions
-Must be precise and exact

Question 4

Forensic science Goal Two

Answer 4

Preserve Evidentiary Integrity
-Make sure evidence
-Maintain accurate records and chain of custody

Question 5

Qualities of a Forensic Scientist

Answer 5

1. Present and Defend their findings
2. Expert testimony must be logical and understood by a jury
3. Needs to be ethical
4. Must be skilled in materials, techniques, and equipment in forensic science
5. Strong Scientific Background
6. Excellent writing and speaking skills

Question 6

Criminalist (Job)

Answer 6

Analyze, compare, identify, and interpret evidence and report results in the justice system

Question 7

CSI

Answer 7

Process crime scene and take evidence from the crime scene

Question 8

Trace Evidence Examiners

Answer 8

Analyze evidence using chemical, physical, and instrument analysis

Question 9

Latent Print Examiners

Answer 9

Deals with prints

Question 10

Forensic Serologist and Biologist

Answer 10

Collects and identifies biological evidence (vomit, urine etc.)

Question 11

Question Document Examiners

Answer 11

Deals with writing and counterfeit documents

Question 12

Firearms Examiners

Answer 12

Examines firearms and discharged ammunation

Question 13

Forensic Entomologist

Answer 13

Studies insects to estimate time of death

Question 14

Forensic Computer Science

Answer 14

Gets into peoples devices

Question 15

Forensic Odontology

Answer 15

Identifies and compares dental evidence

Question 16

Forensic Engineer

Answer 16

Accident reconstruction (causes or origins of fires or explosions)

Question 17

Forensic Pathology

Answer 17

Branch of Medicine used for legal purposes

Question 18

Forensic Toxicologist

Answer 18

Deals with drugs and poison

Question 19

Forensic Anthropology

Answer 19

Bone or skeleton analysis and techniques

Question 20

How far back doe forensic science date?

Answer 20

Third Century China

Question 21

What happened to create the field of forensic science

Answer 21

A woman was accused of murdering her husband and staging a fire to cover it up (her guilt was proven by pigs)

Question 22

Orfilia

Answer 22

Father of toxicology
1840-Lafarge Trial (maric arsenic)

Question 23

Bertillon

Answer 23

Father of criminal investigation
1897 developed anthropometry (used to id people based on physical appearance)

Question 24

Galton

Answer 24

Fingerprinting
He recognised that fingerprints could be placed into categories.

Question 25

Edward Henry

Answer 25

Developed a method for classifying and filing prints

Question 26

Lattes

Answer 26

1915 developed at test to determine blood type from a dried bloodstain (blood typing could be used as a means of investigation)

Question 27

Landsteiner

Answer 27

Discovered the ABO blood groups

Question 28

Goddard

Answer 28

Refined techniques of firearms examination using the comparison microscope

Question 29

Osborn

Answer 29

Handwriting expert (established the fundamental principles of documentation examination) challenged notion of told vs shown

Question 30

Gross

Answer 30

Father of criminalistics
Austrian Lawyer
Described application of scientific disciplines

Question 31

Locard

Answer 31

Director of world’s first forensic science lab

Question 32

Locard Principle of Exchange

Answer 32

1. when two objects come into contact with each other, a cross transfer of physical material can occur
   2.Integrity, duration, and the nature of materials in contact determine the extent of transfer

Question 33

McCrone

Answer 33

Leading expert in microscopy
Tireless advocate for applying microscopy to analytical problems

Question 34

Jeffrey

Answer 34

Developed first DNA profiling test
It was applied for the first time to solve the murder of two young girls by Colin Pitchfork

Question 35

Bertillonage

Answer 35

An early form of biometric identification used on criminals by the French police,

Question 36

When was DNA first used in trial

Answer 36

1886 It was applied for the first time to solve the murder of two young girls by Colin Pitchfork

Question 37

Formation of Crime Labs

Answer 37

1923: LAPD Crime lab
1930: US Berkeley Criminalistics Department was opened and led by Paul Kirk
1932: FBI National Library opened under J. Edgar Hoover
1981: FBI Forensic Science research and Training center

Question 38

Observation

Answer 38

Gathering information through the five senses

Question 39

Perception

Answer 39

Interpreting Sensory Observations

Question 40

Flow of Memories made from observation to long term memory

Answer 40

Begins in sensory memory, moves to short-term memory, and eventually moves to long-term memory..

Question 41

How can you tell when a witness is lying

Answer 41

True accounts are consistent each time its told. Lies are hard to repeat exactly the same. (Have witness tell story multiple times or recount it in reverse order)

Question 42

Effective Techniques

Answer 42

-Separate witnesses quickly
-Help reconstruct what happened
-Avoid interjecting biased
-Ask questions to draw out details

Question 43

Innocence Project

Answer 43

Used DNA to examine post conviction cases to decide guilt or innocence. Eyewitness accounts make 70% of wrongful convictions

Question 44

Who was the innocence project created by?

Answer 44

Barry C. Schech and Peter J. Neufeld

Question 45

What factors affect our observations?

Answer 45

Emotional State
With a group of people or alone
Number of people in the area
Level of Interest
Stress
Prejudices and personal beliefs
A lapse in time since event