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AP Chemistry > Forensics trace evidence test > Flashcards

Forensics trace evidence test Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not a layer of the hair shaft?

A

follicle

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2
Q

The layers of the hair shaft are the _____________, the ____________, and the _____________.

A

cuticle, cortex, medulla

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3
Q

Which part of the hair shaft is most resistant to chemical decomposition?

A

Cuticle

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4
Q

Which feature of hair is MOST important in making a species identification?

A

Scale Pattern

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5
Q

The number of hair scales pointing towards the tip of the hair is __________ the number of hair scales pointing towards the hair follicle.

A

greater than

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6
Q

A cast of a hair surface can be made using:

A

clear nail polish, softened vinyl

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7
Q

Pigment granules that impart hair with color are found in the

A

The cortex

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8
Q

The central canal running through many hairs is known as the

A

Medulla

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9
Q

The medullary index of human hair is ___________ the medullary index for most other animals.

A

Less than

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10
Q

Medullae may be classified as being

A

all of the above

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11
Q

A hair sample was examined and its medulla appeared to have a pattern described as resembling a string of pearls. It was most likely from a

A

Cat

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12
Q

In making hair evaluations, it is best to view the hairs using a ___________ microscope.

A

Comparison

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13
Q

Microscopic hair comparisons must be regarded by police and courts as:

A

Presumptive

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14
Q

In what stage can a hair most readily be removed from the scalp?

A

Telegenic

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15
Q

The rate of human hair growth per month is:

A

1 cm

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16
Q

Beard hairs are coarse and normally ________ in cross-section.

A

triangular

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17
Q

A human hair in cross-section appeared flat in shape. The ancestral origin was most likely

A

African

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18
Q

In determining whether a hair sample originated from a male or a female, the MOST important consideration is

A

the results of DNA analysis performed on the root structure.

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19
Q

The presence of sheath cells on hair that has been pulled quickly from the head is ________ the presence of sheath cells on hairs that have been removed slowly from the scalp.

A

Greater than

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20
Q

The stages of hair growth include all of the following EXCEPT

A

Analgesic

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21
Q

Nuclear DNA typing can be most successfully accomplished on hairs that have been removed during which stage of growth?

A

Anagenic

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22
Q

The conviction of Ennis Cosby’s killer was aided by the DNA analysis on a hair that was crucial evidence in the case. This hair

A

belonged to the killer and was found in his cap with which he had wrapped the murder weapon before discarding it.

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23
Q

Before the 20th century, all fibers were

A

natural

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24
Q

Which type of crime is LEAST likely to be solved with the use of fiber evidence?

A

Bombing

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25
Q

Mohair and cashmere are hairs from:

A

Goat

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26
Q

By far the most prevalent plant fiber is:

A

Cotton

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27
Q

A fiber whose microscopic appearance includes being ribbon-like in shape (flat) with twists at irregular intervals is

A

cotton

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28
Q

What was the first man-made fiber?

A

Rayon

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29
Q

A regenerated fiber can be derived from

A

Acetate

30
Q

Which is NOT a manufactured fiber?

A

all of the above

31
Q

Which is made of natural polymers?

A

sand

32
Q

The monomers involved in the synthesis of proteins are:

A

Amino Acids

33
Q

Cellulose is the basic component of

A

Wood

34
Q

It is a virtual certainty that two fabrics share a common origin if their fibers

A

Can be fitted together at their torn edges

35
Q

Wayne Williams was convicted of serial murder mainly on the strength of

A

fiber evidence

36
Q

Which of the following properties should NOT be examined when comparing two synthetic fibers?

A

Medullary index

37
Q

The visible light microspectrophotometer is a convenient tool with which to compare the color of fibers because

A

All of the above

38
Q

Synthetic fibers display __________ because they are crystalline

A

Birefringence

39
Q

Generally, the parallel refractive index of a fiber is __________ the perpendicular refractive index of the same fiber.

A

Greater than

40
Q

During the collection of fiber evidence, great care should be taken to

A

avoid cross-contamination of evidence

41
Q

What type of evidence would be expected to have trace elements?

A

All of the above

42
Q

The knowledge that elements selectively _______ and ________ light provides the basis for important analytical techniques designed to detect the presence of elements in materials.

A

absorb, emit

43
Q

A _________ shows distinct frequencies or wavelengths of light.

A

line spectrum

44
Q

In a simple emission spectrograph, excitation of the specimen under investigation is accomplished with a(n):

A

electrical arc

45
Q

The nucleus of an atom contains:

A

Protons and neutrons

46
Q

Atoms having the same atomic number but different atomic masses are called

A

isotopes

47
Q

Which type of radiation is NOT given off by radioactive decay?

A

x-rays

48
Q

Beta particles are identical to

A

electrons

49
Q

Neutron activation analysis involves bombarding specimens with neutrons and then measuring the resultant

A

Gamma rays

50
Q

Which of the following is a nondestructive technique for identifying and quantifying trace elements in a test sample?

A

Neutron activation analysis

51
Q

Paint as physical evidence is most frequently encountered in

A

A & B

52
Q

Which is NOT part of the composition of paint?

A

adhesive

53
Q

Which property imparts paint with its most distinctive forensic characteristics?

A

color layer sequence

54
Q

Paint binders can be chemically analyzed using:

A

B & C

55
Q

Pyrolysis gas chromatography is a particularly valuable technique for characterizing paint’s:

A

Binder

56
Q

The elements that comprise the inorganic pigments of paint can be identified by

A

all of the above

57
Q

An element is selective in the frequency of light it will absorb. This selectivity is due to its

A

electron energy levels

58
Q

After examining small paint chips from an auto accident scene and using the PDQ database, the crime lab worker can determine the __________ of the vehicle.

A

All of the above

59
Q

What is the logical first step in soil analysis?

A

examination for presence of debris under low-power magnification

60
Q

In most cases, the _________ layer(s) of soil is/are picked up during the commission of a crime.

A

top

61
Q

Which would be LEAST useful in identifying a mineral crystal?

A

Color

62
Q

Soil found on the suspect, such as that adhering to a show or garments, ____________ be removed.

A

Must not

63
Q

During the investigation after the assassination of President Kennedy, elemental analysis of the silver and antimony content classified the bullets and fragments recovered (6 in total) into ________ distinctly different groups

A

2

64
Q

Most soils can be differentiated by its

A

gross appearance

65
Q

Crime labs are often asked to identify the make and model of a car from a small amount of paint and will make use of color charts for automobile finishes for the __________ database.

A

PDQ

66
Q

Many manufactured products and even most natural materials contain small quantities of elements, known as trace elements, present in concentration of ________________.

A

Less than 1%

67
Q

Forensic analysis has employed neutron activation on trace elements found in

A

metals, drugs, paint, soil, hair, and gunpowder residue

68
Q

Minerals in soil can be characterized by their (select all that apply)

A

All of the above

69
Q

Paint chips are most likely found on or near persons or objects involved in

A

Hit and runs

70
Q

In most cases, only the top layer of soil is picked up during the commission of a crime, so standard samples should be removed from the surface - only about ____________ is sufficient.

A

1 tablespoon

AP Chemistry (5 decks)

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