Chapter 10 Vocab

Question 1

A genetic locus useful for determining sex

Answer 1

Amelogenin gene

Question 2

The building blocks of proteins

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

Cells from the inner cheek lining

Answer 3

Buccal cells

Question 4

A threadlike structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

The specific pairing of base A with T and base C with G in a double-stranded DNA

Answer 5

Complementary base pairing

Question 6

The molecules carrying the body’s genetic information; is double stranded in the shape of a double helix

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

Question 7

Technique used for separating and identifying complex biochemical mixtures; in forensic science, it is most useful for characterizing proteins and DNA in dried blood

Answer 7

Electrophoresis

Question 8

The outer layer of skin cells

Answer 8

Epithelial cells

Question 9

The order of bases on all 23 pairs of human chromosomes

Answer 9

Human genome

Question 10

Is the process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule

Answer 10

Hybridization

Question 11

Fewer than 18 DNA-bearing cells

Answer 11

Low copy number

Question 12

Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis

Answer 13

Multiplexing

Question 14

A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases- adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine- attached to a phosphate-sugar group

Answer 14

Nucleotide

Question 15

One-trillionth of a gram, or 0.000000000001 gram

Answer 15

Picogram

Question 16

A substance composed of large number of atoms; these atoms are usually in repeating units, or monometers

Answer 16

Polymers

Question 17

A technique used for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside of a living cell

Answer 17

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 18

A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR

Answer 18

Primer

Question 19

Polymers of amino acids that play basic roles in the structure and function of living things

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

The synthesis of new DNA from existing DNA

Answer 20

Replication

Question 21

A protein isolated from bacteria that cleaves DNA sequences at sequence-specific sites, producing DNA fragments with a known sequence at each end

Answer 21

Restriction enzymes

Question 22

Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes

Answer 22

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Question 23

A procedure used to determine the order of the base pairs that constitute DNA

Answer 23

Sequencing

Question 24

A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs

Answer 24

Short tandem repeats (STR)

Question 25

An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited

Answer 25

Substrate control

Question 26

Region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a core DNA sequence arranged in a repeating fashion

Answer 26

Tandem repeat

Question 27

DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact

Answer 27

Touch DNA

Question 28

Short tandem repeats located on the human Y chromosome

Answer 28

Y-STRs