Forensics - Bottom Up Approach to Offender Profiling

Question 1

Evidence for investigative psychology
Interpersonal coherence

+ COUNTERPOINT

Answer 1

Canter and Heritage

Analysis of 66 sexual assault cases. Using smallest space analysis. Several behaviours were highlighted as common. E.g. impersonal language, lack of reaction to victim. Characteristic patterns used to determine if multiple crimes committed by same person. Supports investigative psychology Interpersonal coherence.

Question 2

What is smallest space analysis

Answer 2

A statistical technique that identifies correlations across different samples of behaviour.

Question 3

Evidence for geographical profiling

Answer 3

Lundrigan and Canter

120 cases involving serial killer (US). Smallest space analysis showed spatial consistency. Locations of disposed bodies created a ‘centre of gravity’. Offender moves in a different direction from home each time. Creates circle around home base. Base was always at the centre of pattern. More noticeable for marauders.

Question 4

Geographical profiling is insuffiecient

Answer 4

Reliant on quality provided by police. Recording of crimes is not always accurate. 75% of crimes not reported.

Ainsworth
Timing of offence and and and experience of offender are more important or equally as important as geographical data.

Geographical profiling can not be used alone.

Question 5

Unclear results

Answer 5

Copson

Surveyed 48 police departments. Advice from profile was ‘useful’ 83% of cases. Making it a valid investigative tool.

Same study. 3% of cases accurately identified offender.