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MOD Midterm > Forensic Pathology Monograph - Puttoff > Flashcards

Forensic Pathology Monograph - Puttoff Flashcards

1
Q

proximal cause of death

A

actual true cause of death
* found from the “due to” question
EX: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

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2
Q

mechanism of death

A

also called immediate COD
= final pathologic event
EX: cardiopulmonary arrest (heart and lung stopped), MI, CHF, Vfib

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3
Q

what determines the proximal COD

A

the history of pt, circumstance around death, autopsy = manner or death

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4
Q

manner of death acronym

A 
NASHU
N : natural (due to disease or disorder)
A : accident
S : suicide
H: Homicide
U : undetermined (SIDS)
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5
Q

Homicide vs suicide

A

Homicide is murder

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6
Q

reason death certificate is important

A

so see most prevalent diseases causing death in US for guiding research

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7
Q

who can certify a death certificate in natural

A

physician

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8
Q

who can certify a death certificate if not natural

A

legally appointed medical examiner physicians, coroners, justice of peace
= needs jurisdictions of ME

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9
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

muscles stiffen after death (hrs) however time depends on temp

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10
Q

Algor mortis

A

body cooling after death, need steady ambient temp to calculate

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11
Q

Livor Mortis

A

blood circulating to dependent areas after death, becomes fixed after a time, (useful when looking at death scene)

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12
Q

3 types of body decomposition

A

Putrefactive
Mummification
Adipocere formation

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13
Q

Putrefactive

A

most temps, discoloration, tissue softening, liquefaction, gas production, body bloating

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14
Q

Mummification

A

very dry and arid climate

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15
Q

Adipocere formation

A

death and immersion of body into water, saponification of epidermal surface

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16
Q

how to get true time of death

A

at beginning of crime scene forensic experts don’t have any definitive conclusion (as seen on TV)
TOD is usually an approximation

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17
Q

forensic autopsy

A

find proximal COD, by medicolegal investigation by justice inservice of the public,
= usually death by foul play or trauma
(highly consider outside appearnece of dead person and things around them)

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18
Q

hospital autopsy

A

usually deal with natural cause death evaluation,

= look for disease of extent of natural death that was undiagnosed before

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19
Q

how many pt that die in hospital are autopsied

A

it continuous to decline

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20
Q

misconception of forensic specialists

A

they are physicians and pathologists, not detectives or police officers

21
Q

ME

A

medical examiners

22
Q

training for ME

A
  1. 4yrs (medical school)
  2. 4yr (AP/CP pathology)
  3. 1yr (Forensic Pathology Fellowship)
23
Q

common problem in US jurisdiction

A

staffed by unqualified due to no ME system

should be an ME signing the death certificate

24
Q

forensic specialists can be

A

a wide range or credentials and degrees depending on forensic subspecialty and size of ME offices

25
Q

ME cant be part of what case

A

when it involves a family member or next-to-kin person

26
Q

forensic features of mechanical force

A
  1. Abrasion = damage to skin (epidermis)
  2. Laceration = splitting of skin with hemorrhagic
  3. Contusions = intact skin, hemorrhage of dermis and below
  4. Incise wounds
  5. Gunshot wounds
27
Q

Lacerations are caused by

A

blunt force, usually leasions are more wide then deep + hemorrhagic bridges

28
Q

Contusions are caused by

A 
blunt force (bruise) 
*if yellow it has been over 18hrs
29
Q

bruises that are not contusions

A

Battle’s Sign (Raccoon eyes) due to skull fractures and periorbital injury

30
Q

Abrasion causes by

A

scrapes, disrupted epidermis,

due to blunt force

31
Q

what are incise wounds

A

due to eged instrument (like in ER) , razor, knife

= more deep then wide +NO bridging in depths

32
Q

what can cause more then normal bleeding for a patient

A
  1. chronic renal failure (from DM or HTN)
  2. liver failure (usually from alcohol)
  3. coagulative disorder, autoimmune, hematologic neoplastic disorders
33
Q

which organs are more susceptible to bleeding

A
  1. intracranial and intracerebral from blunt force trauma (esp in elderly)
34
Q

use of drugs and finding cause of death

A

makes the whole process more complicated

35
Q

mass and velocity of handguns

A

revolvers and semiautoomatics
= low V, small caliber bullets
= have hollow point, muchroom over base, round thing making it not go through tissue, however causes more damage

36
Q

modern handguns have

A

rifling (grooves that make for more accurate shooting)

marginal abrasions

37
Q

machine pistols

A

civilian use is semiautomatic, fire handgun ammunition

38
Q 
Long guns (rifles)
mass and velocity of
A

HIGH V, fully jacked bullets, marginal abrasions,
EXIT is larger then the entry
also have rifling grooves

39
Q

shotguns

A

shells with pellets or varying size, gunpowder, plastic or felt
= sprays the pellets (controlled by chock structure for dispersal)

40
Q

short shotgun barrel means

A

no chock so pellets disperse all over

41
Q

what is the classification of a Handgun

A

Revolver (rotating cylinder bullets)

Semiautomatic (must be inserted) = Magazine type

42
Q

what is the classification of Long Gun

A

Rifles:

  1. Bolt action
  2. Magazine type
43
Q

smoothbore weapons

A

shotguns with slugs (large projectiles)

44
Q

Range

A

distance from end of barrel to external skin

45
Q

close or contact range

A
  1. marginal abrasion
  2. gunpowder in wound
  3. muzzle or slight burn on skin if contact
46
Q

Intermediate range

A
  1. gunpowder around the entry (embedded in skin) = powder tattooing, stippling
  2. distance determined by accuracy
47
Q

Distant range

A
  1. Marginal Abrasion

2. no gunpowder in skin, wound, or surrounding area

48
Q

entry and exit of gunshot to head

A

head has outer and inner table separated by spongy, cancellous bone = dipole
ENTRY WOUND : outer table sharply circumscribed, inner beveled
EXIT WOUND: Outer table beveled, inner table sharply circumscribed

49
Q

as a bullet hits the tissue or skull

A

V slows and energy is transferred

MOD Midterm (9 decks)

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