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forensic medicine > forensic medicine > Flashcards

forensic medicine Flashcards

1
Q

define rape

A

a man is said to commit rape rape if he has sexual intercourse with a women
1 agnst her will
2.without her consent
3.with her consent if she is <16 yrs of age
intoxicated or has unsound mind so tht she is unable to
understand the consequences consent is obtained by unlawful means
giving consent because she believes that he is another man to whom she is married
4.sexual intercourse by man with his own wife if she is >15 yrs is not rape

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2
Q

wht is suppositous child

A

ficititous child claimed by a women as her own a women may pretend pregnancy a delivery and later substitute a living Male child for dead child or female child
age of child does not correspond to date of pregnancy and dna fingerprints is confirmatory

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3
Q

wht is raygats test

A

it is based on fact tht breathing increases lung volume which is more thn required to compensate weight of addition blood sp gravity is diminished after respiration

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4
Q

cause of false negative raygats test

A

sinking of unexpanded lung
•atelactasis
•lung ds like pneumonia, pulmonary edema, congenital syphilis

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5
Q

false positive test raygats test r

A

putrefaction artificial inflation of lung

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6
Q

when is raygats test unnecessary

A

gestational age<180 dys
•fetus is macerated ,mummified •stomach contains milk
• scar has formed due to umbilical cord separation

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7
Q

fodere’s test is

A

due to blood flow to the lung weight is increased when respiration establishes weight of both lungs is doubled after respiration

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8
Q

ploucquets

test is

A

blood flow in lung bed is increased after breathing tht their lung wht/body wht ratio is doubled after respiration

1: 70 unrespired lung
1: 35 respired lung

ploquet’s propotional ratio

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9
Q

wht is breslau’s second life test

A

air will be swallowed and so may pass into stomach and small intestine when respiration establishes

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10
Q

legal age by which fetus can survive is

A

24 wks

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11
Q

avg length of full term child is

A

50 cm

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12
Q

wht is vagitus uterinus

A

cry of unborn in uterus

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13
Q

vagitus vaginalis

A

cry of unborn in vagina

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14
Q

macerated fetus indicates

A

dead born

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15
Q

wht is Spalding’s sign

A

loss of alignment and overriding of skull bones in IUD

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16
Q

wht is posthumos child

A

child born after death of his father mother being conceived by said father

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17
Q

wht is superfecundation

A

fertilisation of 2 ova which hve been discharged from ovary by 2 separate acts of coitus at short intervals

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18
Q

wht is superfoetation

A

fertilisation of 2 separate ova realsed from ovary in different cycles so fertilisation of second ovum in women who is pregnant 2 fetus r of different stages of development

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19
Q

name few signs of respiration

A

chest circumference is larger thn abdomen in live born

•diaphragm is at the level of 6th-7th in live born and higher in still born

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20
Q

difference in putrefaction between still birth and child who took some breaths and then died

A

in still born putrefaction starts from outside to inside whereas in alive born putrefaction starts from inside to outside

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21
Q

most usual change in IUD

A

maceration

it is aseptic autolysis because membranes are not ruptured and fetus is enclosed in sterile condition i

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22
Q

time taken for macerated to occur

A

3-4 days when dead fetus is surrounded with liqour amnii but exclusion of air
does not occur if child is born in <24 hrs of death

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23
Q

wht is robert sign

A

gas in great vessels of fetus with IUD

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24
Q

give signs of maceration

A

•skin slippage earliest within 12 hrs
•gas in great vessel
•collapse of vertebral column showing hyperflexion crowding of ribs
• body flattens out when placed on level
large blebs on skin easily peeled skin
•spalding sign

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25
Q

which organs remain unchanged in a dead fetus for a long time

A

uterus and lungs

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26
Q

wht is Spalding’s sign

A

overriding of skull bones as a consequence of IUD and maceration of fetus it is due to shrinkage of cerebrum

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27
Q

spalding sign is seen earlier in vertex or breech

A

vertex

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28
Q

time taken for Spalding’s sign to show iss

A

> 7 days

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29
Q

difference of skin in macerated and putrefied fetus

A

skin of maceration fetus is brownish red whereas in putrefaction skin is green in colour

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30
Q

most uncommon change in dead fetus inside utero is

A

adipocere formation

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31
Q

rigor mortis develops in a foetus attaining ____ age

A

7 mnths

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32
Q

gas in grt vessels indicate

A

only fetal death nothing about maturity

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33
Q

Spalding’s sign is seen in

A

maceration

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34
Q

which of the following ossification centre if appears indicate viable fetus

A
  • centre of talus at the end of 7 months

* lower end of femur at the end of 9 mnths

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35
Q

first ossification centre appearing at birth is

A

lower end of

femur ie 9mnths

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36
Q

lower end of femur can help to diagnose

A

age

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37
Q

under which conditions pernatal diagnosis can be carried out

A

•pregnant women >35 yrs
there has been •exposure to teratogenic drug
•history of 2 or more abortion or fetal loss
•has a family history of mental retardation

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38
Q

a 22 yr old lady died on postmortem which things will indicate that she has delivered a child

A 
•larger,thicker and heavier uterus 
•wall of uterus are concave from inside 
and top of fundus is convex 
•body of uterus  is 2×length of cervix
•ext os is enlarged 
•arbor vitae ie mucosal folds are present in canal of cervix
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39
Q

wht is the usual precipitating factor for a childs battering

A

cry of child disturbing sleep or outing

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40
Q

which is diagnostic test to detect battering of a child

A

xray whole body (babygram )

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41
Q

most commonly victim of battering is

A
  • child <3yrs old
  • youngest eldest male
  • and and unwanted
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42
Q

classical signs indicating battering are

A

discrepancy between nature of injury and explanation
•injuries of different stages in different stages of healing
•purposeful delay in seeking medical attention

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43
Q

commonest method of inflicting injury in battering baby is

A

direct violence

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44
Q

most characteristic lesion of battering a baby is

A

tear of frenulum and alveolar margins of gums is most characteristic

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45
Q

nobbing fractures are

A 
multiple rib #s produced in battering a child at costovertebral junction 
#sin different stages of healing differentiate them from #s due to resuscitation
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46
Q

most common cause of death in battered babies is

A

head injury>rupture of int abdominal organ

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47
Q

wht is caffey infantie whiplash syndrome

A

This syndrome involves vigorous manual shaking of infants by the extremities or shoulders, with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleeding, but with no external signs of head trauma

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48
Q

other names of battered baby syndrome

A
  • caffey syndrome
  • infantie whiplash syndrome
  • maltreatment syndrome in a child
  • Inflicted traumatic brain injury
  • inflicted childhood neurotrauma
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49
Q

wht is 377 IPC

A

it defines and punishes unnatural sexual offences

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50
Q

name natural sexual offences

A

adultry

incest rape

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51
Q

other name of lesbianism is

A

triabadism

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52
Q

active partner in in lesbianism is k/a

A

dyke or butch

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53
Q

passive partner in lesbianism is k/a

A

femme

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54
Q

wht is fitichism

A

use of living or non living object ie
non living object of opposite sex for sexual gra
gratification seen exclusively in men

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55
Q

transvestism

A

sexual gratification by wearing clothes of opposite sex

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56
Q

define incest

A

intercourse in closely related individuals

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57
Q

adultry is

A

voluntary intercourse bw a married person and person married or not other thn his /her spouse

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58
Q

bestiality is

A

intercourse with an animal

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59
Q

pedophile

A

intercourse with children

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60
Q

wht is sadism

A

infliction of pain to sexual partner

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61
Q

wht necrophagia and lust murder

A

sadist may damage organs and eat flesh

lust murder is where murder is equal to coitus

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62
Q

masochism is

A

sexual pleasure by receiving pain from partner

autoerotic hanging

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63
Q

algolagnia is

A

bondage

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64
Q

frotteurism is

A

sexual gratification by rubbing the genital against other person

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65
Q

wht is voyerism /scotophilia /peeping toms

A

desire to watch sexual intercourse

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66
Q

pygmalionism

A

falling in love with object made by him

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67
Q

oedipus complex

A

sexual desire of son towards mother

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68
Q

electra complex

A

sexual desire of daughter towars father

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69
Q

pharon complex

A

sexual desire of brother towards sister

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70
Q

fellatio

A

oral stimulation of penis by male or female

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71
Q

cunnilingus

A

oral stimulation of female genital

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72
Q

wht is quod hoc

A

temporary impotence in an individual for a particular women only but he can perform act eith another woman

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73
Q

frigidity is?

A

inability to initiate sexual arousal in females

74
Q

impotence is ?

A

inability to initiate sexual arousal in males

75
Q

wht is sec 228 A

A

prohibits disclosure of identity of rape victim

76
Q

sec 375

A

defines rape

77
Q

sec 376

A

lays down punishment for rape confirm from book

78
Q

wht is 376 A

A

martial rape

79
Q

wht is sec 354

A

punishment for indecent assault

80
Q

327 crpc is ??

A

inquiry and trial of rape should be conducted in camera and printing or publishing any matter is unlawful except with permission from court

81
Q

114 IEA stands of

A

if women states tht she did not consent the court shall presume she did not consent

82
Q

atavism is resemblance to

A

grandparents

83
Q

bucket handle # is pathognomic of

A

battered baby syndrome

84
Q

lendrum staining detects

A

amniotic fluid

85
Q

alcian blue staining is for

A

mucin

86
Q

sudan black staining is for

A

vernix caseosa

87
Q

in india boy below ____yrs cannot be charged with rape

A

no such limit

88
Q

statutory rape is

A

sexual activity in which one of individuals is below the age required to give consent legally

89
Q

glaister keen rods r used for

A

degree of rupture and whether the rupture is recent or old

90
Q

most imp sign of defloration is

A

ruptured hymen

91
Q

Edmund locard is known for

A

locards exchange principal

92
Q

rupture of hymen of virgin tear is mostly in

A

posterolateral

93
Q

in nulliparous cervical opening is

A

round or circular

94
Q

in multiparous cervical opening is

A

transverse patulous slit like

95
Q

cervical canal in nulliparous

A

flattened transversely so has ant and post walls

arbor vitae present

96
Q

cervical canal in multiparous

A

conical or cylindrical arbor vitae absent

97
Q

seminal stains are detected using

A

barberio test
flourence test
acid phosphatase test
ELISA

98
Q

blood stains are detected by

A

benzodine phenolphthalein test

hemochromogen crystals test

99
Q

test done for detecting vaginal cells from accused in case of rape is

A

lugols iodine test

100
Q

mtp was introduced in

A

1971

101
Q

for mtp consent is taken from

A

wife only

102
Q

moa of abortion stick

A

uterine contractions

103
Q

mtp act was passed in

A

1971

104
Q

define impotence

A

inability of a person to perform sexual intercourse it is not a defence for rape

105
Q

define sterilty

A

inability of male to beget children and in female inability to conceive children

106
Q

questions of impotence and sterility may arise in which civil cases

A

nullity of marriage • divorce •adultry
•disputed paternity
•suits of adoption

107
Q

questions of impotency arises in

A

criminal adultry
rape
unnatural offences

108
Q

wht is quod hanc

A

impotency only towards spouse potent towards others

109
Q

how much time after vasectomy a person is advised to abstain from intercourse

A

3 mnths

110
Q

wht is sec 497 ipc

A

In artificial insemination donor and recipient cannot be held guilty of adultry

111
Q

consent of ___ is required for artificial insemination

A

both husband and wife

112
Q

is AI is without the husbands consent can he sue for divorce

A

yes

113
Q

which stage of baby is transferred to mother after test tube fertilisation

A

blastocyst

114
Q

sec 112 IEA

mnemonic 1+1=3

A

any person born during the continuance of a valid marriage bw his mother and any man or within 280 days of its dissolution the mother remaining un married shall be conclusive proof legitimacy

115
Q

who can be a surrogate mother in India

A

mother should be bw 21-35 yrs and cannot give birth to more thn 5 children including her own

116
Q

can surrogate mother undertake embryo transfer for the same parents over 3 times

A

no

117
Q

consent of married women to be surrogate is given by

A

women and her husband

118
Q

who will take custody of child born with congenital anomalies in surrogate child

A

commissioning parents

119
Q

tears on hymen by masturbation are located in

A

anteriolaterally bw 11 and 1 o clock

120
Q

wht r indications for MTP

A

S E T H
Social contraceptive failure in married couples
Therapeutic eugenic
humanitarian

121
Q

whose consent is required for MTP

A

only wife not husband

122
Q

whose consent is required for sterlisation

A

both husband and wife

123
Q

MTP act 1971 allows termination of pregnancy till

A

20 wks
if 12wks only 1 medical practitioners
is 12-20 wks 2 doctors are required

124
Q

wht qualification is required for termination of pregnancy upto 12 wks

A

RMP with 6 mnths JR in obs and gynae
or
RMP with experience
of 25 cases

125
Q

qualification required for termination upto 20 wks

A

RMP + degree/ diploma in obs and gynae

126
Q

who will give consent in MTP if a women is married

A

womens

127
Q

who will give consent for MTP if a women is unmarried and above 18 yrs

A

women only

128
Q

who will give consent if women is below 18 yrs for mtp

A

written consent of her guardian

129
Q

who will give consent for mtp if women is mentally unstable

A

her guardian

130
Q

why women feign pregnancy

A

to avoid capital punishment for eg sec 416 women sentenced to death is found to be pregnant

131
Q

wht is superfecundation

A

fertilisation of 2 different ova released in 1 cycle

one c 1 cycle

132
Q

wht is sec 312

A

it does not permit any person to miscarry including pregnant women with consent

133
Q

sec 313 IPC

A

miscarriage against the consent of pregnant woman is cognisable ,non bailable ,non conpoundable

134
Q

sec 314 IPC

A

death of women caused by

act done with intent to cause miscarriage

135
Q

sec 315 IPC

A

act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth

136
Q

wht is 316 IPC

A

causing death of quick unborn by act amounting to culpable homicide

137
Q

opinion in a male with normal genitalia about potency is worded as

A

there is nothing to suggest that the person is not capable of sexual intercourse

138
Q

who is quoad

A

quoad is any person who is impotent only for particular women

139
Q

a female can become sterile due to occupational

exposure of

A

lead

140
Q

in fimbriate hymen notches are located

A

located anteriorly

141
Q

tears in hymen from sexual act are mostly at

A

5 oclock position

142
Q

pressence of carunculae myrtifores

indicate

A

previous childbirth

143
Q

premature expulsion of products of cconception before full term is

A

abortion not miscarriage

144
Q

abortions are common during

A

1 st trimester

145
Q

commonly used substances for criminal abortion are

A

ergot

146
Q

cause of abortion in cupping is

A

placental separation

147
Q

feminine of impotene is

A

frigidity

148
Q

most striking symptoms of pregnancy is

A

cessation of menstruation

149
Q

wht of normal uterus is

A

45-60 gm

150
Q

most imp cause of temporary impotence is

A

fear

151
Q

legally abortion is termination of pregnancy before

A

full term

152
Q

hydrostatic test is not necessary for

A

5M’s
foetus is nonviable (lack of maturity)
fetus is dead born ( Maceration and Mummification )
fetus has genetic deformity
uMblical cord is separated and scar is formed

153
Q

give few signs of live birth

A

umbilical artery obliterates in 3 days
umbilical vein obliterates in 4 days
umbilical cord falls off in 5-6 days

A3,V4,C5,6

154
Q

which part of skull is more prominent in females

A

all prominence are more prominent in males except frontal and parietal eminence which r more in females

155
Q

difference bw angle of body and ramus in males and females

A

less obtuse ;prominent;everted in males but
more obtuse
not prominent and inverted in females

156
Q

difference of subpubic angle of males and females

A

in males it is V shaped and in females it is U shaped

157
Q

what is washburn index

A

ischiopubic index =pubic length in mm/ischial length in mm×100

158
Q

wash burn index is more in

A

females

159
Q

give indices to differentiate sex from bones

A
  • sternal index
  • ischiopubic index or washburn index
  • sciatic notch index
  • sacral index
  • coporobasal index
160
Q

which is the only index used for sex determination which is more in males

A

corporobasal index of sacram

161
Q

best bone for sex determination

A

pelvis

162
Q

accuracy of determining sex from all 206 bones is

A

100%

163
Q

chelotic line is used in determination of

A

sex

164
Q

which part of chelotic line is more prominent in males

A

sacral part

165
Q

which part of chelotic line is more prominent in females

A

pelvic part

166
Q

shape of sciatic notch in females

A

L shaped

167
Q

shape of greater sciatic notch in males

A

J shaped

168
Q

preauricular sulcus is a ___sexual characteristic

A

tertiary

169
Q

ashleys rule is

A

sex diffrentiation using sternum

170
Q

medullary index

A

diameter of medulla/diameter of whole bone ×100 used for long bones
most reliable radius>ulna>tibia>humerus

171
Q

indices to for determining race

A
  • Brachial index
  • crural index
  • intramembral index
  • intermembral index
  • cephalic index
172
Q

wht is dolicocephalic

A

long headed CI 70 to 75

seen in aryans and negros

173
Q

mesaticephalic

A

medium headed
CI 75to 80
seen in Indians

174
Q

brachycephalic

A

short headed
CI 80 to 85
seen in Mongolian

175
Q

AP diameter of skull is max in

A

dolicocephalic

176
Q

AP diameter of skull is minimal in

A

brachycephalic

177
Q

most diagnostic features of negroid skull

A

guttered nasal sill

178
Q

fusion of xiphoid occurs atc

A

40 yrs

179
Q

at which age manubrium fuses with body of sternum

A

in old age

180
Q

fusion of parts of body of sternum

A

4 pieces of body of sternum fuse from below upwards bw 14 and 25 yrs

181
Q

first carpal bone to ossify

A

capitate

forensic medicine (4 decks)

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