Forensic History And Careers Flashcards
Mathieu Orfila
(1787-1853) Founder of forensic toxicology, studied poisons, and worked on the Marie Lafarge poisoning case.
Sir Francis Galton
(1822-1911) Developed the first classification system for fingerprints, published the book Fingerprints in 1892, and described the loop, arch, and whorl of fingerprint patterns
Hans gross
(1847-1915) a generalist who believed in diverse approaches to forensic science and published the first forensic science textbook and criminal investigations in 1893.
Victor Balthazard
(1852-1950) Paris medical examiner who advanced fingerprint, firearm, and hair analysis and showed that fingerprints are unique to the 10^60 and used photography to help identify bullets.
Alphonse Bertillon
(1852-1914) Developed anthropometry and was the first to solve a case using fingerprints.
Edmond Locard
(1877-1966) Established forensic lab in Lyons France in 1910 and founded the Locard Exchange Principle and focused on trace evidence.
Calvin Goddard
(1891-1955) Established the study of firearms evidence in the US, established a verity of police labs in the US, and invented the comparison scope.
Anthropometry
System of identification of suspects involving 11 body measurements, descriptions, and photos.
Criminalistics
Describes forensic analysis of physical evidence
Locard Exchange Principle
Every contact leaves a trace.
Juan Vicetich
(1891) Began the first fingerprint files
The Henry Classification System
Classification for fingerprinting in all European countries.
1 in 64 billion
Sir Francis Galton’s odds for two fingerprints being the same
The Scientific Method
System in which forensic scientists work.
The Adversarial system
System in which lawyers work.
Finder of fact
Judge or jury who determines “right” in a case
Civil cases
Occur between individuals and mushy show a preponderance of evidence (52%)
Criminal cases
Occurs when the law is broken, the government in the prosecutor and guilt but be shown beyond a reasonable doubt (99%)
Felony
typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death.
Misdemeanor
A minor wrongdoing. Possibly a fine of less than one year in jail.
Vior dire
Qualifications of a scientist given in a court of law.
Subpoena
A statement requiring someone to appear in court and stating when and where the trial will be held.
Gilbert Thomas
(1882) who used fingerprints officially in the US for the first time
Dr. Henry Faulds
(1880) first to come up with the classification system based on fingerprints.
1892
When the first criminal fingerprint identification was made.
1901
When the idea of fingerprinting was introduced to England/Wales.
Karl Landsteiner
Discovered that blood can be grouped into different types. A, B, AB, and O. And received a noble prize in medicine for this work in 1930.
Alex Jeffereys
Geneticist who developed DNA testing.
Colin pitchfork
First criminal convicted from DNA testing.
Forensic nurse
Treats trauma patients, takes blood and tissue sample, collects evidence, and photographs and measures wounds.
William Hershel (1856)
The first to use fingerprinting as a method of identification.
