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Prelim > Forensic > Flashcards

Forensic Flashcards

1
Q

Literally means “drawing with light”

A

Photography

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2
Q

A british scientist who coined the word photography?

A

Sir John Herschel

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3
Q

Is is an art or science which deals with the reproduction of images through the action of light upon synthesized materials with the aid of the camera and its accessories and the chemical processes involved therein

A

Photography

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4
Q

Greek word “phos” which means?

A

Light

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5
Q

Graphe means?

A

Drawing or writing

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6
Q

It is the science or art which deals with the study of the principles of photography and the preparation of photographic evidence and its application to police work

A

Police photography

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7
Q

Derived from the latin word forum which means a marketplace where people gather for public discussion. It is sometimes used interchangeably with the word legal.

A

Forensic

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8
Q

The mechanical and chemical result of photography

A

Photograph

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9
Q

Examples photograph, drawing, portrait and sketch

A

Picture-generic

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10
Q

Discovered that by passing sunlight through a pinhole, it could create a reverse image of the sun on the ground.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

He invested the first pinhole camera also known as the camera obscura

A

Ali Al-Hazen IBN Al-Haytham

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12
Q

He was first to notice the similarity between the ways a camera obscura worked and the way the human eye function

A

Leonardo da vinci

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13
Q

Able to manipulate the image using the camera obscura fitted with convex lenses and mirrors

A

Giovanni Battista Della porta

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14
Q

He invented the heliogram and become the first man ever to fix a print

A

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

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15
Q

He used camera obscura as helping tool for his painting and became persistence on finding a chemical easy way to record image. The father of photography

A

Louis jacques mande daguerre

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16
Q

Also known as father of modern photography. He invented the photographic processes and established the basic principle of photography as a negative and positive process.

A

William Henry Fox Talbot

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17
Q

Takes the first aerial photograph over paris from a free balloon

A

NADAR

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18
Q

Birth year of photography

A

1839

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19
Q

The very first use of photography in police work was the first police who utilized photography and police work as a supplementary blank in his anthropometric system

A

Alphonse Bertillon

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20
Q

Investigative report files, accident files, transmission of photos and photographics supplements to reports

A

Communication and microfilm files

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21
Q

Considered to be one of the most universal methods of communication considering that no other language can be known a universally than this

A

Photograph

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22
Q

It is considered as the utmost use of photography in police work photography is considered as a versatile tool of investigation

A

Record purposes

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23
Q

A collection of pictures of person arrested as criminals

A

Rogues gallery

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24
Q

Recording surveillance, confession, reenactment of crime

A

Offender detect

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25
Q

Almost all evidence presented in court before formally accepted requires that they satisfy the basic requirements for admissibility which are relevancy and competency

A

Court exhibits

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26
Q

With the use of photography any number of reproductions of the evidence can be made those giving unlimited opportunity for its examination and even allow other experts or person to examine he specimen without compromising the original

A

Reproduction and copying

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27
Q

Modern photography is now being used as instructional materials not only in police training but also in other agencies

A

Personal training

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28
Q

With the use of video camera and other advanced photographic equipment crime are being detected more easily and even to the extent of preventing them from initially occurring

A

Crime prevention

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29
Q

Security clearance & security survey

A

Fire prevention

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30
Q

Photography can extend human vision in discovering and proving things such as the use of magnification

A

Discovering and proving

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31
Q

Taking a magnified photograph of small objects through attaching a camera to the ocular compound microscope so as to show a minute details of the physical evidence. it is just shooting picture using a microscope

A

Photomicrography

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32
Q

Is taking photograph on extremely small film (microfilm) to produce tiny images that can only be seen when magnified it is a production by optical reduction of very small photograph from much larger subject it is just the opposite of photomicrography

A

Microphotography

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33
Q

Used synonymously with macrophotography. It is the taking of magnified or enlarged photograph on small objects without the use of microscope by attaching an extended macro lens or tube lens to the camera it is the art of taking extreme close up photographs of small subjects such as insects flowers or other small objects

A

Photomacrography

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34
Q

Process of taking photograph of a far object with the aid of telephoto lens

A

Telephotography

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35
Q

The essence of photography is all about light and this is the primary ingredients of image

A

Light

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36
Q

Is the total amount of light that hits the sensor of a camera

A

Exposure

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37
Q

Inside most cameras is a device called _______.

A

Light metering

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38
Q

Controls the duration of the exposure

A

Shutter speed

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39
Q

The opening of the lens that control the light entering the camera

A

Aperture

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40
Q

It will adjust the camera in an automatic exposure setting as method by the camera

A

Exposure compensation

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41
Q

Is a method of taking multiple images of a scene or object using different exposures ranging from over exposed to normal under exposed

A

Exposure bracketing

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42
Q

Is the sensitivity rating of the cameras sensor

A

ISO

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43
Q

Is a very important setting in a digital camera

A

White balance

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44
Q

What are the basic importance of photograph in law enforcement?

A

Refresh memory
Preserve time and event
Save money and effort

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45
Q

An electromagnet radiation within a creation portion of electromagnetic spectrum

A

Light

46
Q

An electromagnet radiation within a creation portion of electromagnetic spectrum

A

Light

47
Q

The universe is filled with the objects that emit light some of the light from this sources: bright sunlight hazy sunlight del sunlight

A

Natural light sources

48
Q

Light that is produced artificially

A

Artificial light sources

49
Q

Electromagnetic radiation that has properties wave

A

Light

50
Q

A material allows visible light to pass through it

A

Transparent

51
Q

Materials allow some light through them but it is a scattered so it is impossible to see a clear image the material

A

Translucent

52
Q

Materials do not let light pass through them at all

A

Opaque

53
Q

Is a light tight box with a lens to form an image with a shutter and diaphragm to control the entry of the message a means of holding a film to record the image and a viewer or viewfinder to show the photographer what the image is

A

Camera

54
Q

This is a term where camera originated; an optical device used in drawing or for entertainment it is one of the inventions leading to photography

A

Camera obscura

55
Q

This part of the camera is very essential because of its capability to exclude all unwanted light that may expose the sensitive materials or film it is an enclosure that is devoid of light

A

Light tight box

56
Q

Only responsible in focusing the rays of light coming from the subject. It is one of the most important parts of camera because without this it is impossible to form a sharp image of the film.

A

Lens

57
Q

It holds the film firmly inside the camera it is located at the opposite side of the lens of the camera

A

Film holder

58
Q

Served as the barriers of the race of light that will enter and affect the film inside the camera it is usually placed at the path of the light passing through the lens

A

Shutter

59
Q

The smallest and simplest type of camera this is also known as instamatic camera and it suffers parallax error.

A

View finder type

60
Q

The best way to determine the entire coverage of the camera is to look behind the lens of the camera in this manner the object can be framed properly and recorded on the film. this type of camera eliminates the problem of parallax error

A

Single lens reflex type

61
Q

Has two lens, one for viewing and focusing on the subject and for taking lens. In this type of camera, the image to be photograph is seen as flat surface as the image is reflected by the mirror behind the viewing lens. This suffer parallax error

A

Twin lens reflex camera

62
Q

The biggest and most sophisticated among the different type of camera. This type of camera is practically useless for candid and action photography

A

View or press type camera

63
Q

The image you see through the viewfinder is different from the image the lens will capture

A

Parallax error

64
Q

The image you see through the viewfinder is different from the image the lens will capture

A

Parallax error

65
Q

Special type of camera having 180 degree angle of view

A

Fish eye lens

66
Q

Type of camera that immediately produces a positive print which was designed by edwan .H Land

A

Polaroid

67
Q

Is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanism of single lens reflect camera with a digital imaging sensor

A

Digital single lens reflex camera

68
Q

A simple type of camera without a lens, made from a box with a small hole in one of its sides

A

Pinhole camera

69
Q

A special type of camera having 180 degrees angle of view

A

Fish eye lens

70
Q

A type of camera in which the lens and the shutter mounted into body by which in accordion below which can be folded into camera for ease of carrying

A

Folding camera

71
Q

Adjusting the lens to form the possible clearest image is called focusing. Is defines as the setting of the proper distance in order to form a sharp image

A

Focusing control

72
Q

Splits or doubles the objects to be photographed into two. While moving the focusing control, the split image will move and unite to form an undivided appearance and therefore the focus is accurate and perfect

A

Rangefinder type

73
Q

Focusing mechanism clearly indicates whether the object distance and the camera is out of focus or not. If the object is not will focused, the object to be photograph will appear blurred. To make it clear and accurate the focusing ring of the camera is adjusted in clockwise or counterclockwise to get the desired clearness of the object

A

Ground glass type

74
Q

In this type of focusing control mechanism the distance of the object to be photograph is calculated by means of feet or meter. There are cameras were estimated distance from the camera to object is being indicated on the focusing ring

A

Focusing bed or focusing scale

75
Q

Serve as the aperture stop and controls the aperture. Function much like the iris of the eye it controls the effective diameter of the lens opening

A

Diaphragm control

76
Q

Also known as pupil of the camera

A

Aperture

77
Q

Allows light to pass for a determined period of time for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene

A

Shutter speed control

78
Q

Are usually implemented as a pair of cloth, metal or plastic curtains which shield the film from light

A

Focal plane shutters

79
Q

Is a type of camera shutter consisting of a mechanism with one or more pivoting metal leaves which normally does not allow light through the lens onto the camera.

A

Leaf shutter

80
Q

Is a type of leaf shutter consisting of a number of thin blades which briefly and cover the camera aperture to make the exposure

A

Diaphragm shutter

81
Q

Is a camera shutter normally located within the lens assembly where a relatively small opening allows light to cover the entire image. The term is also used for shutter behind, but near to, the lens.

A

Central shutters

82
Q

When to use slow shutter speed

A

Used in lowest light, can also be used for steel images and in creative effect as moving subject will become artistically blurred

83
Q

When to use fast shutter speed

A

“Used in moving subject” that needed to avoid camera shake

84
Q

Factors to be considered in using shutter speed control

A

The film sensitivity of the film which are determined through its ISO
The lighting condition
The motion of the subject on different angles
The purpose of the photograph to be taken etc

85
Q

Keep the shutter open as long as the shutter release is held

A

Bulb

86
Q

Keep the shutter open until shutter release is pressed again

A

Time

87
Q

You don’t always want to take your picture from normal eye level. This kneeling position allows you to take shot at waist level

A

Low level shooting

88
Q

Is an optical device with perfect and approximate axial symmetry which transmit and refracts light, converging the beam

A

Lens

89
Q

Both surface are convex

A

Biconvex

90
Q

A lens with two concave surfaces is?

A

Biconcave

91
Q

If one of the surfaces is flat, the lens is ______ depending on the curvature of the other surfaces

A

Plano convex or plano concave

92
Q

This lens is always thicker at the center and thinner at the sides

A

Positive or converging lens

93
Q

This lens is always thinner at the center and thicker at the sides

A

Negative or diverging lens

94
Q

When light passing through near the central part of the converging lens is bended more sharply than those rays falling in the edge, does the race coming from the edges are focused on a plane nearer the lens than those coming from the central part

A

Spherical aberration

95
Q

This is another form of spherical aberration but is concerned with the light rays entering the lens obliquely.

A

Coma

96
Q

This is kind of defect where the image formed by a lens come to a sharper focus in curved surface than a flat surface

A

Curvature of field

97
Q

A lens with _____ is incapable of rendering straight lines correctly

A

Distortion

98
Q

If the diaphragm is placed in the front of the lens, straight lines near the edges of the object tends to bulge outside

A

Barrel distortion

99
Q

If the diaphragm is placed behind the lens, straight lines near the edges tends to bend inward

A

Pincushion distortion

100
Q

This defect is the inability of the lens to bring photographic rays of different wavelengths to the same focus

A

Chromatic aberration

101
Q

Ultraviolet rays are bent the most well infrared rays are bent to the less when they pass through the lens this defect is reduced by utilizing compound lenses made up of single lens made up of glass of different curvatures

A

Chromatic aberration

102
Q

This defect is present when size of image produced by photographic rays of one wavelength is different from the size produced by another. In color photography it produces a rainbow colored ranges around the edges of objects while in black and white photography it appears as a slight blue

A

Astigmatism

103
Q

Corrected by chromatic aberration

A

Achromatic lens

104
Q

Corrected for distortion

A

Rapid rectilinear lens

105
Q

Corrected for astigmatism as well as the other lens defects

A

Anastigmatic lens

106
Q

Also corrected for astigmatism but with higher degree of correction to color

A

Apochromatic lens

107
Q

Is the distance measured from the optical center of the lens to the film plane when the lens is set or focused at infinity position or far distance.

A

Focal length

108
Q

A measure of the light bending power of a lens it is invariably measured in millimeters

A

Focal length

109
Q

A clerk in the prefecture of police of at paris france, who devised a system of classification, known as anthropometry

A

Alphonse Bertillon

110
Q

What is the part of camera which is basically an enclosure devoid of light

A

Body

Prelim (4 decks)

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