Föreläsning 1 intro Flashcards
What are (17) Sustainable Development Goals about?
Global objectives to address key challenges and promote sustainable development by 2030. They cover areas such as poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality,, economic growth, infrastructure, climate action, and more. The aim to create a balanced and sustainable future for all.
What is the definition of green chemistry?
Design of chemical products and processes to reduce or eliminate
the use and generation of hazardous substances
What are the 12 principles of green chemistry?
- Prevention - waste
- Atom economy
- Less hazardous chemical synthesis
- Designing safer chemicals
- Safer solvents
- Design for energy efficiency
- Use of renewable feedstocks
- Reduce derivatives
- Catalysis
- Design for degradation
- Real-time analysis for pollution prevention
- Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention
Why does the principle of Prevention in green chemistry advocate?
& What is waste hierarchy?
- Prevention: It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.
The waste hierarchy is a simple ranking system used for the different waste management options according to which is the best for the environment.
What is E-factor?
E factor = mass of total waste/mass of product
“Everything but the desired product”
What is 2. atom economy?
AE = MW product/MW of reagents
Wiki: the ratio between the mass of desired product to the total mass of products, expressed as a percentage
A+B –> C+D
Atom economy = molecular weight of desired product/molecular weight of all products multiplicerat med 100
What is meant with 3.Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses:?
Wherever practicable, synthetic
methods should be designed to use and generate substances that
possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment
What is meant by 4. Designing Safer Chemicals?
Chemical products should be designed
to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity.
What is chemophobia?
The irrational fear of
chemicals, could fuel laypeople’s negative
perceptions
What is “BPA-free polycarbonate”?
Refers to polycarbonate plastics that do not contain bisphenol A, a chemical associated with potential health risks. This designation is sought to address concerns about BPA leaching into food or liquids from certain plastic products, particularly when exposed to heat.
What is meant by 5.Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries:
The use of auxiliary substances
(e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and, innocuous when used.
One of the major sources of waste is solvent losses that
end up in the atmosphere or in ground water.
What is meant by 6. Design for Energy Efficiency:
Energy requirements should be recognized for their
environmental and economic impacts and should be
minimized.
Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient
temperature and pressure.
What is meant by 7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks?
A raw material or feedstock should
be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and
economically practicable.
What is meant by 8. Reduce Derivatives?
Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups,
protection/deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.
What is meant by: 9. Catalysis?
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are
superior to stoichiometric reagents
