Foreign Policy under HVIII Flashcards
1
Q
Henry VIII main foreign policy aims 1509-29 (4)
A
- war, glory and territory
- good relations and peace in Europe
- national security
- personal motives and desires (marriage)
2
Q
1509-12
A
- peace treaty with France 1510 due to avoidance of war
- marriage to Catherine of Aragon, June 1510 cemented Anglo-Spanish alliance
- 1511 joined Holy roman league against France
3
Q
1512-14
french campaigns and scottish massacres
A
- 1512 French Campaign, FAILURE, henry and ferdinand expedition to France, 12k troops dispatched, fighting for Spain not ENG, made peace with France and abandoned Ferdinand. NOTHING ACHIEVED
- 1513 French Campaign, FAILURE AND SUCCESS, captured city of Tournai but expensive to protect could be good bargaining tool , Maximillian joint attack on France, henry attacked Thérouanne and they surrendered. FIRST MILITARY SUCCESS OVER FRANCE.
- 1513 Battle of flodden , SUCCESS, French and Scotts invaded ENG but ENG outnumbered scotts.
CRUSHING VICTORY at battle of flodden. Military threat reduced from Scots as King was now only a boy as James IV slain
4
Q
1514-1518
Anglo-French treaty and Treaty of London
A
- 1514 Anglo-French Treaty
—> england returned Tournai
—> Henry younger sister married to Louis XII
—> ENG + FRANCE joint campaign against Ferdinand to claim Castille for CoA - 1518 Treaty of London
—> settlement of universal peace, binding France, the Papancy, Spain and England to fight against the Ottoman Turks
—> Significant because brought fame to Henry, non-aggression pact, diplomatic triumph for Wolsey as placed ENG centre of European affairs
—> Not Significant because 3 years later war broken out between the Hasburg and Valois Dynasties (HRE/Spain and France)
5
Q
1518-21
A
- June 1520 Field of Cloth of Gold
—> showed wealth and extravagance
—> Henry VIII and Francis I meet - 1521 Francis reopened the war against the hasburgs
—> Charles V argued France broke treaty of london
6
Q
1522-29
A
- Support for the Hasburgs: War with France, 1522-25
—> ENG declare war on FRANCE 1522
—> Duke of Suffolk 1523 led large force costing 400k
—> FAILURE because costly, ineffective and unpopular
—> ENG’s position of holding the balance of power was shattered by Charles V victory over French army
—> Charles didnt back henry as victorious in Italy - Support for France, 1525-29
—> League of cognac 1526 (alliance eng,france,italy vs hasburg dominance over Italy)
—> ENG threatened Charles with armed intervention if didnt make peace with enemies
—> FAILURE because hasburg troops sacked rome in 1527 and took pope clement vii prisoner (head of catholic church) and henry needed divorce from CofA and Charles was Catherines nephew
—> In desperation Wolsey called war on Charles V (Charles won)
—> resulted in (PEACE OF CAMBRAI) and reduced ENG to impotence
—> Wolsey loses power 1929
7
Q
1530-35
A
- Disintegration of the French Alliance 1530-35
—> Cromwell inherited Wolseys French alliance 1533
—> 1532 a defensive anglo-french alliance created
—> Pope offered henry help and French didn’t like being linked with heretical power so France keen to keep peace with Charles V - Fears of a catholic coalition
—> England diplomatically isolated
—> Henry + Cromwell hoped unity of France + Charles broke and relied of alliance with princes of Gemany
—>Tensions with Charles eased with death of CofA
—> War broke out with Charles and Francis I (king of france)
8
Q
1538-40
A
The crisis
—> Francis and Charles 10 year truce
—> Excommunication 1538 - papal bill excommunicated henry
real danger of catholic invasion resulting in
—> pole family
—> six articles
—> peace treaty scotland + james v
—> lutheran diplomatic embassy entertained
—> Henry and anne of cleves marriage alliance
9
Q
End results
A
- Habsburg-Valois alliance (CRHARLES AND FRANIC ALLIANCE BROKEN)
- Cleves marriage (FAIL)
- Henry survival
- Henry future foreign policy resumed and england safe from invasions
