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History - Germany - The FRG > Foreign Policy terms > Flashcards

Foreign Policy terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ECSC stand for?

A

European Coal and Steel Community

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2
Q

When was the European Coal and Steel Community set up?

A

1951

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3
Q

Why was the European Coal and Steel Community set up?

A

-to improve relations with the French
-initially it was just regularity Coal and Steel between the 2 countries

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4
Q

What did the European Coal and Steel Community expand to?

A

-it was expanded to include the FRG, France, Italy and Benelux States (Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands)

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5
Q

What was agreed with the European Coal and Steel Community?

A

-they agreed common policy for prices, subsidies and investment and lifted restrictions on imports and exports

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6
Q

What did the European Coal and Steel Community improve long term?

A

-Franco-German relations and established an economic equal footing

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7
Q

What does EEC stand for?

A

European Economic Community

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8
Q

When was the European Economic Community set up?

A

1957

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9
Q

What treaty was the European Economic Community set up under? Why?

A

-under the Treaty of Rome due to the success of the European Coal and Steel Community

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10
Q

What did the European Economic Community create?

A

-a customs union to harmonise trade and prices such as agriculture and fisheries

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11
Q

What were the European Economic Community aims?

A

-to coordinate transport, economic policies, remove free competition restrictions, mobility of labour and capital

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12
Q

What did the European Economic Community provide the opportunity for?

A

-for the FRG to exert political and economic control

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13
Q

Who was the largest member of the European Economic Community?

A

the FRG

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14
Q

When was the Petersberg Agreement signed?

A

1949

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15
Q

Who was the Petersberg Agreement signed with?

A

-Allied High Commission

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16
Q

What did the Petersberg Agreement do?

A

-Allowed FRG to join the International Ruhr Agreement->limited the dismantling of industry by the Allies, FRG gained the right to establish diplomatic relations with other states, FRG allowed to join the European Council

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17
Q

When was the European Council set up?

A

May 1949

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18
Q

What did the European Council promote?

A

-promote cooperation between European countries on legal standards, human rights and democratic values->establishes the European Court of Human Rights

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19
Q

What does OEEC stand for?

A

Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation

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20
Q

When was the Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation created?

A

1948

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21
Q

Why was the Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation created?

A

-administer the Marshall Plan and to continue work on a joint recovery programme through economic cooperation

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22
Q

Who was one of the founding members of the Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation?

A

the Bizone

23
Q

What does IMF stand for?

A

International Monetary Fund

24
Q

When was the International Monetary Fund created?

A

1945

25
Q

Why was the International Monetary Fund created?

A

-to stabilise exchange rates and supervise the world’s payment system to prevent financial imbalance

26
Q

When did the FRG join the International Monetary Fund?

A

1952

27
Q

What does GATT stand for?

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

28
Q

When did the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade form?

A

1948

29
Q

Who was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade formed by with the main objective to what?

A

-by the United Nations with the main objective of reducing barriers to international trade

30
Q

When did the FRG join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

A

1951

31
Q

When was the Chinese Revolution

A

1949

32
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

1950

33
Q

How were the Chinese Revolution and the Korean War external factors which helped speed up the acceptance of the FRG?

A

-due to fear of communism
-Europeans were encouraged to defend themselves though the idea of German rearmament was not looked on favourably
-EDC set up but French dominated

34
Q

Who set up the European Defence Community?

A

-the French with only limited German involvement

35
Q

When did the FRG join the European Defence Community?

A

1952

36
Q

How did the FRG join the European Defence Community?

A

-Adenauer bargained that in return for joining that the Occupation Statute would end and the FRG would become a sovereign state
-however there was lots of opposition to rearmament

37
Q

When did the FRG become a sovereign state?

A

May 1955

38
Q

What was a result of the FRG becoming a sovereign state?

A

-the Western Powers kept their rights and responsibilities over West Berlin and the stationing of troops to guarantee it’s security
-no consideration of a reunification plan

39
Q

What was the Bundeswehr?

A

German armed forces

40
Q

What is NATO?

A

-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation formed in 1949

41
Q

When did the FRG join NATO?

A

1955

42
Q

What was the Saar?

A

-Adenauer agreed to accept the autonomous status of the Saar and it’s ties with France
-population was given a plebiscite and voted to return to FRG
-previously would have caused tensions with France but this did not occur

43
Q

What does WEU stand for?

A

West European Union

44
Q

What did the West European Union include?

A

-included France, Britain, Benelux states later FRG and Italy, superseded the EDC and was a defensive pact

45
Q

When did the Hallstein Doctrine open diplomatic negotiations with the USSR and what was a result?

A

-1955
-were unsuccessful due to entrenched views

46
Q

Why did the FRG refuse any diplomatic negotiations? Why was this successful?

A

-FRG refused any diplomatic negotiations with states which recognised the GDR
-this was successful due to economic aid to vulnerable countries

47
Q

Which 2 countries broke relations?

A

-only Cuba and Yugoslavia broke relations

48
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact?

A

1955

49
Q

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A

-defence alliance of the USSR and the countries of central and eastern European under Soviet regimes

50
Q

What was Magnet Theory?

A

attract GDR migrants to boost the FRG economy and give them the upper hand in reunification negotiations

51
Q

What were Stalin Notes?

A

-Stalin offered a generous reunification plan at the same time as the EDC was being negotiated
-it offered democratic elections, neutral status, established Eastern Frontiers as well as the removal of all foreign troops

52
Q

When were the Stalin Notes rejected? By who?

A

-rejected in 1952, particularly by the USA who wanted to ensure the success of the EDC

53
Q

Why was Adenauer worried about the Stalin Notes being rejected? What did he do?

A

-Adenauer was worried that the neutral status would make Germany vulnerable to communist takeover
-this offer was renewed on several occasions after Stalin’s death but Adenauer and the other Western Powers wouldn’t budge

History - Germany - The FRG (8 decks)

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