Foreign Policy terms

Question 1

What does ECSC stand for?

Answer 1

European Coal and Steel Community

Question 2

When was the European Coal and Steel Community set up?

Answer 2

1951

Question 3

Why was the European Coal and Steel Community set up?

Answer 3

-to improve relations with the French
-initially it was just regularity Coal and Steel between the 2 countries

Question 4

What did the European Coal and Steel Community expand to?

Answer 4

-it was expanded to include the FRG, France, Italy and Benelux States (Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands)

Question 5

What was agreed with the European Coal and Steel Community?

Answer 5

-they agreed common policy for prices, subsidies and investment and lifted restrictions on imports and exports

Question 6

What did the European Coal and Steel Community improve long term?

Answer 6

-Franco-German relations and established an economic equal footing

Question 7

What does EEC stand for?

Answer 7

European Economic Community

Question 8

When was the European Economic Community set up?

Answer 8

1957

Question 9

What treaty was the European Economic Community set up under? Why?

Answer 9

-under the Treaty of Rome due to the success of the European Coal and Steel Community

Question 10

What did the European Economic Community create?

Answer 10

-a customs union to harmonise trade and prices such as agriculture and fisheries

Question 11

What were the European Economic Community aims?

Answer 11

-to coordinate transport, economic policies, remove free competition restrictions, mobility of labour and capital

Question 12

What did the European Economic Community provide the opportunity for?

Answer 12

-for the FRG to exert political and economic control

Question 13

Who was the largest member of the European Economic Community?

Answer 13

the FRG

Question 14

When was the Petersberg Agreement signed?

Answer 14

1949

Question 15

Who was the Petersberg Agreement signed with?

Answer 15

-Allied High Commission

Question 16

What did the Petersberg Agreement do?

Answer 16

-Allowed FRG to join the International Ruhr Agreement->limited the dismantling of industry by the Allies, FRG gained the right to establish diplomatic relations with other states, FRG allowed to join the European Council

Question 17

When was the European Council set up?

Answer 17

May 1949

Question 18

What did the European Council promote?

Answer 18

-promote cooperation between European countries on legal standards, human rights and democratic values->establishes the European Court of Human Rights

Question 19

What does OEEC stand for?

Answer 19

Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation

Question 20

When was the Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation created?

Answer 20

1948

Question 21

Why was the Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation created?

Answer 21

-administer the Marshall Plan and to continue work on a joint recovery programme through economic cooperation

Question 22

Who was one of the founding members of the Organisation for European Economic Co-Operation?

Answer 22

the Bizone

Question 23

What does IMF stand for?

Answer 23

International Monetary Fund

Question 24

When was the International Monetary Fund created?

Answer 24

1945

Question 25

Why was the International Monetary Fund created?

Answer 25

-to stabilise exchange rates and supervise the world’s payment system to prevent financial imbalance

Question 26

When did the FRG join the International Monetary Fund?

Answer 26

1952

Question 27

What does GATT stand for?

Answer 27

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Question 28

When did the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade form?

Answer 28

1948

Question 29

Who was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade formed by with the main objective to what?

Answer 29

-by the United Nations with the main objective of reducing barriers to international trade

Question 30

When did the FRG join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?

Answer 30

1951

Question 31

When was the Chinese Revolution

Answer 31

1949

Question 32

When was the Korean War?

Answer 32

1950

Question 33

How were the Chinese Revolution and the Korean War external factors which helped speed up the acceptance of the FRG?

Answer 33

-due to fear of communism -Europeans were encouraged to defend themselves though the idea of German rearmament was not looked on favourably -EDC set up but French dominated

Question 34

Who set up the European Defence Community?

Answer 34

-the French with only limited German involvement

Question 35

When did the FRG join the European Defence Community?

Answer 35

1952

Question 36

How did the FRG join the European Defence Community?

Answer 36

-Adenauer bargained that in return for joining that the Occupation Statute would end and the FRG would become a sovereign state -however there was lots of opposition to rearmament

Question 37

When did the FRG become a sovereign state?

Answer 37

May 1955

Question 38

What was a result of the FRG becoming a sovereign state?

Answer 38

-the Western Powers kept their rights and responsibilities over West Berlin and the stationing of troops to guarantee it’s security -no consideration of a reunification plan

Question 39

What was the Bundeswehr?

Answer 39

German armed forces

Question 40

What is NATO?

Answer 40

-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation formed in 1949

Question 41

When did the FRG join NATO?

Answer 41

1955

Question 42

What was the Saar?

Answer 42

-Adenauer agreed to accept the autonomous status of the Saar and it’s ties with France -population was given a plebiscite and voted to return to FRG -previously would have caused tensions with France but this did not occur

Question 43

What does WEU stand for?

Answer 43

West European Union

Question 44

What did the West European Union include?

Answer 44

-included France, Britain, Benelux states later FRG and Italy, superseded the EDC and was a defensive pact

Question 45

When did the Hallstein Doctrine open diplomatic negotiations with the USSR and what was a result?

Answer 45

-1955 -were unsuccessful due to entrenched views

Question 46

Why did the FRG refuse any diplomatic negotiations? Why was this successful?

Answer 46

-FRG refused any diplomatic negotiations with states which recognised the GDR -this was successful due to economic aid to vulnerable countries

Question 47

Which 2 countries broke relations?

Answer 47

-only Cuba and Yugoslavia broke relations

Question 48

When was the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 48

1955

Question 49

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 49

-defence alliance of the USSR and the countries of central and eastern European under Soviet regimes

Question 50

What was Magnet Theory?

Answer 50

attract GDR migrants to boost the FRG economy and give them the upper hand in reunification negotiations

Question 51

What were Stalin Notes?

Answer 51

-Stalin offered a generous reunification plan at the same time as the EDC was being negotiated -it offered democratic elections, neutral status, established Eastern Frontiers as well as the removal of all foreign troops

Question 52

When were the Stalin Notes rejected? By who?

Answer 52

-rejected in 1952, particularly by the USA who wanted to ensure the success of the EDC

Question 53

Why was Adenauer worried about the Stalin Notes being rejected? What did he do?

Answer 53

-Adenauer was worried that the neutral status would make Germany vulnerable to communist takeover -this offer was renewed on several occasions after Stalin’s death but Adenauer and the other Western Powers wouldn’t budge