foreign policy (shorter answer) Flashcards
Why is the Truman Doctrine a significant turning point?
It was clear and decisive intervention in other countries political affairs, rather than remaining isolationist, and wasn’t caused by immediate direct threat to the US or external pressure, as intervention in the First and Second World War had been. (though they did perceive communism as a threat, they didn’t need to act) 30 years
What countries did the US gain in the Spanish-American war?
Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico
Some economic and militaristic control of Cuba
How much financial aid did Marshall Aid give to countries in Europe?
$13.5 billion to 16 countries
(basic) Information on US involvement in Berlin, Cuba, Korea and Vietnam in the Cold war
berlin - berlin airlift, 1948-1949, planes arriving every three minutes at height
cuba - cuban missile crisis, 1963
korea - korean war, 1950-1953, ‘rollback’
vietnam - vietnam war us involved 1965-1973
To what extent was the Spanish-American war a significant turning point?
it was significant as they had gained an empire and it was the beginning of their emergence as a world power. However following these brief examples of imperialism, America didn’t stray much further out of isolationism until the first world war, and some of the imperialism could be described as ‘accidental’; arguably symptoms of a focus on economic gain for America’s own advantage. Overall the emerging imperialism of the 1890s did not indicate a drastic change in policy.
When was the Cuban Missile crisis?
1962
Why was the League of Nations significant?
It laid groundwork for UN and NATO
When was the end of the cold war officially declared to be over?
1989
How many years before Hawaii was annexed was there discussion about it (and when was it annexed)?
1898 - five years of debate before
What are two examples of detente with China, and two examples of detente with USSR? (and dates)
China: US lifts 21 year trade ban 1971 China joins UN 1971 USSR: SALT I 1972 Apollo–Soyuz space mission 1975
To what extent was the end of the cold war significant turning point?
Significant as the beginning of better relations and a time of relative peace Turning point away from conflict that had dominated for decades The INF agreement was significant as it abolished a whole class of nuclear weapons and built on the SALT agreements. Not as important turning point as other things arguably as end of cold war happened kinda organically and without that many active decisions on the part of the US president (as Gorbachev's involvement was significant)
When did USSR invade Afghanistan?
USSR invades Afghanistan 1979
Name two examples of isolationism in the 1920s and two examples of internationalism in the 1920s
Isolationism
Fordney-McCumber tarriff
Smoot-Hawley tariff
America refuses to join the League of Nations
Internationalism
Washington Naval Conference
Kellogg-Briand pact
America intervenes to help finance a German recovery with the Dawes plan and Young Plan
America helps force through the Locarno Pact in 1925
what did harding promise when he came to power in 1921
‘a return to normalcy’
What percentage of the American public was in favour of isolationism in the 1930s (indicated by a gallup poll)?
95% of the American public was in favour of isolationism
When was the USS Panay sunk, how many sailors were killed, how did the US retaliate and what does this show about foreign policy
1937 sinking of USS Panay by the Japanese, which killed 3 US sailors, was only retributed by a written complaint
isolationist
When did US join WW2?
December 7th, 1941
Unlike in the First World War, America was not an ‘associate power’, but a key part of the Allies. The Combined Chiefs of Staff was set up to coordinate Britain and the U.S.’s war effort together.
Examples of Wilson trying to broker peace
1916 peace note
1915 Edward house sent to europe
when was the League of nations formed?
from which year did the US have official representation in the Leagues headquarters despite refusing to join?
1920
1925
When was the Washington naval conference?
1921
When and what were the 3 neutrality acts of 1930s?
- 1935 - arms embargo
- 1936 - prohibited war loans
- 1937 - illigealised travel in belligerent ships
When was the lend lease act and how much did it give to Britain in the first installment?
1941
$7 billion
In Reagans presidency how much did he spend on expanding the military?
$1.6 trillion
An example of America rearming behind the scene in late 1930s?
1938 naval expansion act mandated a 20% increase in the strength of the US Navy
