foreign policy (shorter answer)

Question 1

Why is the Truman Doctrine a significant turning point?

Answer 1

It was clear and decisive intervention in other countries political affairs, rather than remaining isolationist, and wasn’t caused by immediate direct threat to the US or external pressure, as intervention in the First and Second World War had been. (though they did perceive communism as a threat, they didn’t need to act) 30 years

Question 2

What countries did the US gain in the Spanish-American war?

Answer 2

Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico

Some economic and militaristic control of Cuba

Question 3

How much financial aid did Marshall Aid give to countries in Europe?

Answer 3

$13.5 billion to 16 countries

Question 4

(basic) Information on US involvement in Berlin, Cuba, Korea and Vietnam in the Cold war

Answer 4

berlin - berlin airlift, 1948-1949, planes arriving every three minutes at height
cuba - cuban missile crisis, 1963
korea - korean war, 1950-1953, ‘rollback’
vietnam - vietnam war us involved 1965-1973

Question 5

To what extent was the Spanish-American war a significant turning point?

Answer 5

it was significant as they had gained an empire and it was the beginning of their emergence as a world power. However following these brief examples of imperialism, America didn’t stray much further out of isolationism until the first world war, and some of the imperialism could be described as ‘accidental’; arguably symptoms of a focus on economic gain for America’s own advantage. Overall the emerging imperialism of the 1890s did not indicate a drastic change in policy.

Question 6

When was the Cuban Missile crisis?

Answer 6

1962

Question 7

Why was the League of Nations significant?

Answer 7

It laid groundwork for UN and NATO

Question 8

When was the end of the cold war officially declared to be over?

Answer 8

1989

Question 9

How many years before Hawaii was annexed was there discussion about it (and when was it annexed)?

Answer 9

1898 - five years of debate before

Question 10

What are two examples of detente with China, and two examples of detente with USSR? (and dates)

Answer 10

China:
US lifts 21 year trade ban 1971
China joins UN 1971
USSR:
SALT I 1972
Apollo–Soyuz space mission 1975

Question 11

To what extent was the end of the cold war significant turning point?

Answer 11

Significant as the beginning of better relations and a time of relative peace
Turning point away from conflict that had dominated for decades
The INF agreement was significant as it abolished a whole class of nuclear weapons and built on the SALT agreements.
Not as important turning point as other things arguably as end of cold war happened kinda organically and without that many active decisions on the part of the US president (as Gorbachev's involvement was significant)

Question 12

When did USSR invade Afghanistan?

Answer 12

USSR invades Afghanistan 1979

Question 13

Name two examples of isolationism in the 1920s and two examples of internationalism in the 1920s

Answer 13

Isolationism
Fordney-McCumber tarriff
Smoot-Hawley tariff
America refuses to join the League of Nations

Internationalism
Washington Naval Conference
Kellogg-Briand pact
America intervenes to help finance a German recovery with the Dawes plan and Young Plan
America helps force through the Locarno Pact in 1925

Question 14

what did harding promise when he came to power in 1921

Answer 14

‘a return to normalcy’

Question 15

What percentage of the American public was in favour of isolationism in the 1930s (indicated by a gallup poll)?

Answer 15

95% of the American public was in favour of isolationism

Question 16

When was the USS Panay sunk, how many sailors were killed, how did the US retaliate and what does this show about foreign policy

Answer 16

1937 sinking of USS Panay by the Japanese, which killed 3 US sailors, was only retributed by a written complaint
isolationist

Question 17

When did US join WW2?

Answer 17

December 7th, 1941
Unlike in the First World War, America was not an ‘associate power’, but a key part of the Allies. The Combined Chiefs of Staff was set up to coordinate Britain and the U.S.’s war effort together.

Question 18

Examples of Wilson trying to broker peace

Answer 18

1916 peace note

1915 Edward house sent to europe

Question 19

when was the League of nations formed?

from which year did the US have official representation in the Leagues headquarters despite refusing to join?

Answer 19

1920

1925

Question 20

When was the Washington naval conference?

Answer 20

1921

Question 21

When and what were the 3 neutrality acts of 1930s?

Answer 21

1. 1935 - arms embargo
2. 1936 - prohibited war loans
3. 1937 - illigealised travel in belligerent ships

Question 22

When was the lend lease act and how much did it give to Britain in the first installment?

Answer 22

1941

$7 billion

Question 23

In Reagans presidency how much did he spend on expanding the military?

Answer 23

$1.6 trillion

Question 24

An example of America rearming behind the scene in late 1930s?

Answer 24

1938 naval expansion act mandated a 20% increase in the strength of the US Navy

Question 25

When was NATO formed? and it was the first what?

Answer 25

1949, first peacetime military alliance the United States entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 26

When did the USSR take troops out of afganastan?

Answer 26

1989

Question 27

Who described detente as ‘means of controlling the soviet union’

Answer 27

Kissinger

Question 28

In what war did Theodore Roosevelt act as a peace maker?

Answer 28

Russo-Japanese War

Question 29

When was the locarno pact and how was the US involved?

Answer 29

1925

US acted as arbiter and stopped the negotiations falling through

Question 30

When were the INF agreements signed, why were they significant

Answer 30

INF agreement was also significant as it abolished a whole class of nuclear weapons and built on the SALT agreements. 1987

Question 31

Name two examples of the U.S. retracting its military influence from Latin America during the 1920s.

Answer 31

1922 troops were withdrawn from Cuba, and in 1924 from Santo Domingo

Question 32

What and when stated that America would respect Europes frontiers

Answer 32

helsinki accords, 1975

Question 33

by 1968 how many US had died in the vietnam war?

Answer 33

30,000

Question 34

how many soldiers did the US contribute to ww2 (not a necessary fact really but still)

Answer 34

over 12,000,000

12,209,238

Question 35

how did America respond to Japan threatening the open door policy in the 1940s?

Answer 35

In the 1940s Japan also joined the tripartite pact with Germany and Italy, confirming the threat they posed to America, particularly America’s economic interests in China. America responded with a series of sanctions including the lending of funds to China, stopping oil supplies to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in America. These sanctions are clear examples of non-isolationist foriegn policy in this period.

Question 36

when was SALT I

Answer 36

1972