Foreign Policy Flashcards
When was the fiercely Spanish Paul IV elected Pope?
1555
When did England declare war on France?
1557
When did England lose Calais?
1558
What were Mary’s two foreign policy aims?
Restore england to papal supremacy
To marry Philip, heir to the Spanish throne
Both of these Mary achieved
What was the issue with Mary’s alliegence with Spain?
England was consequently dragged into Franco-Spanish conflicts
One of the main instigators for the renewed Franco-Spanish conflict was Pope Paul IV - Mary found herself at war with the Papacy
When was the Battle of St Quentin?
August 1557
When was Calais seized by France and by whom?
January 1558 Calais was seized by french forces led by the Duke of Guise - a humiliating defeat for the English who’d had possession of Calais for centuries
What areas of FP forces saw significant reforms during Mary’s reign?
Naval and militia reforms were significant
- Complete reorganisation of the administration of Navy finances
- Six new ships built and many more repaired
- Reforms in methods for raising troops (important for a country that lacked a standing army)
Why were Mary’s naval reforms important?
These reforms laid the basis for the organisation of the Navy which, crucially for Elizabeth, was to defeat the Spanish Armada
How does John Guy describe Mary’s troop raising reforms?
Two complementary Acts of Parliament executed this reform.
John Guy states that this was a ‘landmark in English military organisation’
