foreign policy Flashcards
what happened in 1907
Roosevelt’s Tour de Force with the Great White Fleet
why did Roosevelt Tour de Firce with the Great white fleet
to show off Americas strength around the world; painted white to be easily spotted
what else happened on the Tour de Force
1908 stopped in Sicily to help earthquake refugees in Messina Italy
was the Great White Fleet effective
no US was not perceived as world power until it acquired new territories eg Caribbean Philippines and south america
what happened in 1904
Roosevelt’s Corollary
what happened in Roosevelt’s Corollary
Roosevelt extended Monroe Doctrine into latin america ; intervention to protect USA’s business interests
what are the 5 theories why the US turned towards imperialism
end of westward expansion preclusive imperialism need for markets progressive imperialism accidental emoire
explain the accidental empire theory and evaluate it
Harold Evans argues US had no economic need to be imperial due to huge trade with britain ; NO US only does things that suits themselves , it suited them after 20th century
explain and evaluate the progressive imperialism theory
McDougall argues that US wanted to improve non americans lives and civilise other countries for their benefit ; superficially yes but other benefits more improtaht
explain and evaluate the end of westward expansion theory
westward expansion was a form of imperialism so when it ended US focused in foreign interests ; yes bc they ran out of natural resources and land but wanted to expand economy further
explain and evaluate the theory of preclusive imperialism
Langer argues they took colonies to prevent other counties eg Britain and France from getting then ; kind of they only took strategically important territories eg Alaska off Russia to prevent UK
explain and evaluate the theory for need for markets
Ferguson argues that after 1893 depression and surplus of farm produce caused need for bigger markets so they needed more consumers and more raw materials; yes bc US needed economic stability to be word super power
name all the countries/events the US was involved with for foreign affairs and imperial actions
Venezuela Border Dispute Spanish American war Panama (Canal) China Boxer Rebellion Nicaragua puppet president/occupation Dominican Republic customs revenue Alaska border dispute Japan Root Takahira
when was the Venezuela Border Dispute and what happened
1895 Cleveland forced British to arbitrate with Venezuela by threatening to send 54 vessels to disputed area; ruled in favour of Venezuela
when was the spanish american war and what happened
1898; US launched double attack on spanish territories to protect cuba ; won in the Philippines blockaded Santiago; spanish troops surrendered after 3 weeks of fighting; yellow fever 5000 and hostility as US ignored Cuba’s contribution to victory
how was peace sorted in the spanish american war
Treaty of Paris signed: Cuban independence recognised; US gained Puerto Rico( Organic Act 1900), Guam, Guantanamo Bay and Philippines (bought for 20mil)
what was the aftermath of the spanish american war
Congress passed Teller Amendment to prevent US annexing Cuba so it was independent
1901 Platt Amendment allowed US troops to leave on the conditions Cuba could only give territory to US, US got guantanamo bay and US intervention was allowed to protect independence
causes of the spanish american war
- media sharing ‘Yellow Press’
- Spanish Ministers private letter insulted McKinleys Cuban policy
- Maine Incident 1898 (USS Maine exploded and Spain blamed)
interpretations of why the spanish american war occurred
US was seeking to protect to find new markets as westward expansion ended and Cuba was beneficial trade wise with sugar; would help grow economy and yellow press justified it
give 4?consequences if the spanish american war
- US used Monroe Doctrine to exercise right to protect interests in sphere of influence
- powerful military and navy proven to be powerful by defatting spain
- protected economic interests
- territorial gains (guantanamo bay puerto rico philippines and guam)
what happened with panama and america under Roosevelt
1902 US bought assets to Panama Canal from France for 40 mil; Colombia controlling Panama wanted 15 mil to dig canal and 10 mil from New Panama Canal Co; instead of paying Roosevelt supported rebels in Panama wanting independence in turn for rights to canal ; independence declared in 1903 and finished in 1914
what happened between china and the us
US feared weakened China would be carved into colonies for European powers so in 1899 open door policy proposed to ask others to not interfere with china but 1900 Boxer Rebellion broke out and 8 nation alliance sent troops to put down anti colonial uprising; US used economic influence to maintain open door policy and prevent partition of china
what happened between nicaragua and the us under Taft
US invested in Nicaragua a lot so 1909 when anti american president Zelaya cancelled US mining co’s privileges Taft sent US marines to depose him and install pro US puppet president Adolfo Diaz; 1912 marines sent again when rebellion tried to depose Diaz and occupied Nicaragua for 10 years
what happened between the Dominican Republic and the US under roosevelt
1903 DR unable to repay american loans so roosevelt took control of DR customs revenue to pay debt
what happened between alaska and the US under roosevelt
border dispute between alaska and canada became heated after discovery of gold in Yukon (near alaska) in 1896; 1903 diplomatically settled tgat the border favoured america ; friendlier relations with britain ?
what happened between japan and HS under roosevelt
US intimidated by growth of japanese navy; after roosevelt negotiated end of Russo Japanese war he wanted closer relations so in 1908 Root Takahira agreement that they’d respect each other’s spheres of influence