Foreign Affairs - Spain Flashcards
Why did Spanish relation deteriorate (3)
Trade activity of John Hawkins
Situation in Netherlands
English harassed the Spanish
What had soured relations by early 1570s (3)
Phillip encouraged northern rebllion 1569
Ridolfi plot qin 1571
Excommunication of Liz 1570
What was the trade activity if John Hawkins (2+)
Attempted to break Spanish trading monopoly in Caribbean
Infuriated Spanish = blockaded into Mexican port + only 2 ships escaped
What was situation in Netherlands (3)
Phillip 11 wanted tighter political org in N under more strict Spanish control
This would help root out heresy
Liz under pressure from councillors to aid Dutch Protestants
Examples of English harassing Spanish (3)
Nov 1568 = storm forced several Spanish vessels to seek shelter in English ports
Carrying 400,000 florins intended to pay Phillips general in N
Liz impounded the money
Who sea beggars
Dutch pirates liceneced by the rebel leader of William of orange
What did Liz do to sea beggars and what (3)
Expelled from English ports
Forced to land in Dutch port
Sparked full scale revolt against the Spanish rule
When did Liz expel sea beggars
1572
What + when pacification of Ghent (4+)
1576 - by provinces of N
Called for expulsion of all foreign troops
Restoration of the provinces automny
This was favoured by Liz
Why did Liz contemplate marriage to duke of Anjou (2)
Retain English influence in Netherlands
Potential the French would invade
What did divisions among N provinces lead to (3)
Emergence of two entities:
Union of utrecht = northern + Protestant
Union of Arras = southern + catholic
What Spanish and Arras (2)
Peace between the two
Duke of Parma = began his reconquest of north
What was Liz overtly anti Spanish actions (3)
Supported Portuguese pretender - don Antonio
Treated Spanish ambassador contemptuously
Knighting Francis drake on circumnavigating the globe
When + what happened to William of orange
Assassinated in 1584
What + when treaty of Joinville (2)
End of 1584
Phillip 11 and catholic league in France
Why did treaty of Joinville surprise Liz
With the guise family as allies Phillip no longer had a political motive to prevent him supporting MQS
How did Liz counteract Joinville (3)
Alliance made with Dutch Protestant rebels
Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
Sent troops to Netherlands under leicesters command
Problems with Liz sending troops to N (4)
Troops alienated N
Dutch felt betrayed when two officers joined Parma
English quarrelled amongst themselves
Leicester quarrelled with Dutch
Why was the Spanish Armada / fleet delayed (2+)
Successful English attack on Spanish ships
In Cadiz harbour in April 1587
When did armada set sail + where (2(
22 July 1588
La Coruna
Objective of armada (2)
Reach the port of Gravelines in Spanish Netherlands
Intended that the Spanish would board the ships so it could invade England
Armada battle with England when (2)
Engaged from 30 July to 6 august 1588
In the English Channel
What in the end was the armada forced to do (3+)
Unfavourable winds = tried to return to Spain
Route was hazardous = sailed north to Scotland and then south to west of Ireland
Cost them many ships lost in storm
How long did war with Spain go on for
16 years
From 1595 what victories did England have (3)
Captured and occupied Cadiz
Singed 4 galleons
There was no Stargell flow up tho
Failure of English and who died (2(
Hawkins and drake died at sea
Advocated attack on Panama
What did capture of Cadiz mean (3)
Humiliated Phillip
Prevented Spanish merchants sailing to West Indies
Provoked Phillip into invading England
When £p+ what after Cadiz did Phillip ‘invade’
1596
Deafeated by storms
How was an invasion on Ireland stopped (2(
Fillet under command of Essex sent in 1597
Fleet driven to Plymouth by winds
Did Spanish make it to Ireland
Succeeded in setting sail
If not for wind would have landed
Who + what sir Francis Vere (2+)
Commander of English forces in 1589
Forged positive relations with Dutch leader Maurice of Nassau = helped regain territories lost to Parma
Overall outcome of war between Spain + Netherlands by 1594 (5+)
All Spanish expelled from north
English strategic objectives = triumphantly achieved
North = independant state
South = remained under Spanish soveignty w/ degree of autonomy
No major foreign power entrenched in Netherlands s
When + what first intervention by Liz
Sent a loan of 100,000 in 1576
When does Liz show authority over Leicester
1586 = he is recalled
How much money sent in aid
750,000 between 1589-94
How much was war with Spain altogether (2)
2 million
1585-1598
