Foreign Affairs - Spain

Question 1

Why did Spanish relation deteriorate (3)

Answer 1

Trade activity of John Hawkins
Situation in Netherlands
English harassed the Spanish

Question 2

What had soured relations by early 1570s (3)

Answer 2

Phillip encouraged northern rebllion 1569
Ridolfi plot qin 1571
Excommunication of Liz 1570

Question 3

What was the trade activity if John Hawkins (2+)

Answer 3

Attempted to break Spanish trading monopoly in Caribbean
Infuriated Spanish = blockaded into Mexican port + only 2 ships escaped

Question 4

What was situation in Netherlands (3)

Answer 4

Phillip 11 wanted tighter political org in N under more strict Spanish control
This would help root out heresy
Liz under pressure from councillors to aid Dutch Protestants

Question 5

Examples of English harassing Spanish (3)

Answer 5

Nov 1568 = storm forced several Spanish vessels to seek shelter in English ports
Carrying 400,000 florins intended to pay Phillips general in N
Liz impounded the money

Question 6

Who sea beggars

Answer 6

Dutch pirates liceneced by the rebel leader of William of orange

Question 7

What did Liz do to sea beggars and what (3)

Answer 7

Expelled from English ports
Forced to land in Dutch port
Sparked full scale revolt against the Spanish rule

Question 8

When did Liz expel sea beggars

Answer 8

1572

Question 9

What + when pacification of Ghent (4+)

Answer 9

1576 - by provinces of N
Called for expulsion of all foreign troops
Restoration of the provinces automny
This was favoured by Liz

Question 10

Why did Liz contemplate marriage to duke of Anjou (2)

Answer 10

Retain English influence in Netherlands
Potential the French would invade

Question 11

What did divisions among N provinces lead to (3)

Answer 11

Emergence of two entities:
Union of utrecht = northern + Protestant
Union of Arras = southern + catholic

Question 12

What Spanish and Arras (2)

Answer 12

Peace between the two
Duke of Parma = began his reconquest of north

Question 13

What was Liz overtly anti Spanish actions (3)

Answer 13

Supported Portuguese pretender - don Antonio
Treated Spanish ambassador contemptuously
Knighting Francis drake on circumnavigating the globe

Question 14

When + what happened to William of orange

Answer 14

Assassinated in 1584

Question 15

What + when treaty of Joinville (2)

Answer 15

End of 1584
Phillip 11 and catholic league in France

Question 16

Why did treaty of Joinville surprise Liz

Answer 16

With the guise family as allies Phillip no longer had a political motive to prevent him supporting MQS

Question 17

How did Liz counteract Joinville (3)

Answer 17

Alliance made with Dutch Protestant rebels
Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
Sent troops to Netherlands under leicesters command

Question 18

Problems with Liz sending troops to N (4)

Answer 18

Troops alienated N
Dutch felt betrayed when two officers joined Parma
English quarrelled amongst themselves
Leicester quarrelled with Dutch

Question 19

Why was the Spanish Armada / fleet delayed (2+)

Answer 19

Successful English attack on Spanish ships
In Cadiz harbour in April 1587

Question 20

When did armada set sail + where (2(

Answer 20

22 July 1588
La Coruna

Question 21

Objective of armada (2)

Answer 21

Reach the port of Gravelines in Spanish Netherlands
Intended that the Spanish would board the ships so it could invade England

Question 22

Armada battle with England when (2)

Answer 22

Engaged from 30 July to 6 august 1588
In the English Channel

Question 23

What in the end was the armada forced to do (3+)

Answer 23

Unfavourable winds = tried to return to Spain
Route was hazardous = sailed north to Scotland and then south to west of Ireland
Cost them many ships lost in storm

Question 24

How long did war with Spain go on for

Answer 24

16 years

Question 25

From 1595 what victories did England have (3)

Answer 25

Captured and occupied Cadiz
Singed 4 galleons
There was no Stargell flow up tho

Question 26

Failure of English and who died (2(

Answer 26

Hawkins and drake died at sea
Advocated attack on Panama

Question 27

What did capture of Cadiz mean (3)

Answer 27

Humiliated Phillip
Prevented Spanish merchants sailing to West Indies
Provoked Phillip into invading England

Question 28

When £p+ what after Cadiz did Phillip ‘invade’

Answer 28

1596
Deafeated by storms

Question 29

How was an invasion on Ireland stopped (2(

Answer 29

Fillet under command of Essex sent in 1597
Fleet driven to Plymouth by winds

Question 30

Did Spanish make it to Ireland

Answer 30

Succeeded in setting sail
If not for wind would have landed

Question 31

Who + what sir Francis Vere (2+)

Answer 31

Commander of English forces in 1589
Forged positive relations with Dutch leader Maurice of Nassau = helped regain territories lost to Parma

Question 32

Overall outcome of war between Spain + Netherlands by 1594 (5+)

Answer 32

All Spanish expelled from north
English strategic objectives = triumphantly achieved
North = independant state
South = remained under Spanish soveignty w/ degree of autonomy
No major foreign power entrenched in Netherlands s

Question 33

When + what first intervention by Liz

Answer 33

Sent a loan of 100,000 in 1576

Question 34

When does Liz show authority over Leicester

Answer 34

1586 = he is recalled

Question 35

How much money sent in aid

Answer 35

750,000 between 1589-94

Question 36

How much was war with Spain altogether (2)

Answer 36

2 million
1585-1598