Foregut Flashcards
Functions of Digestive System
Ingestion
Propulsion
Digestion
Absorption (most important)
Defecation
What is part of the foregut?
Esophagus and pharynx
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Arterial supply of foregut
Celiac Artery
Venous Drainage of foregut
Splenic Vein
Sympathetic innervation of foregut
Greater Splanchnic nerve and synapses at celiac ganglion
Parasympathetic innervation on foregut
Vagus Nerve (X)
Small intestine functions
Propulsion
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Absorption
Regions of small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
Which part of small intestine is the proximal region attached to the stomach
Duodenum
What part of small intestine is the middle region
Jejunum
Which part of small intestine is the distal region attached to large intestine
Illeum
Liver Function
Makes bile which spreads fats for digestion
Makes blood proteins
Stores some vitamins
The gall bladder functions
Stores and concentrates bile
Expels bile into cystic duct
Pancreas functions
Make, store, and secrete pancreatic enzymes (exocrine function)
Pancreatic islets make and secrete hormones to regulate blood sugar levels (endocrine function)

Falciform ligament
Connects liver to diaphragm and anterior body wall
Greater Omentum
Attached to grater curvature of stomach and transverse colon.
Covers the small intestine
Spleen and pancreas are embedded within it
Mesentary proper
Attaches the long coils of the Jejunum and ileum
Lesser omentum
Attached to lesser curvature of stomach and liver
Mesocolon
Attaches the colon to posterior abdominal wall
Muscularis externa
3 layers of smooth muscle that assists with digestion and propulsion
-longitudinal
-circular
-oblique
What do mucous neck cells do?
Make and secrete mucus
What do parietal cells make?
Hydrochloric acid
What do chief cells do?
Make pepsinogen
Enteroendocrine cells make what?
Gastrin
Which vein drains the spleen and pancreas?
Splenic vein
Which vein drain the stomach?
Gastric veins
How does the spleen develop?
Dorsally in the dorsal mesentery
What creates the liver and gall bladder?
An outgrowth from the duodenum in the ventral mesentary
How does the pancreas form?
Forms from 2 buds (ventral and dorsal) from duodenum
How are the greater and lesser curvatures of stomach formed?
The dorsal wall of stomach grows faster than ventral
What causes the greater curvature of stomach to be on the left and lesser on the right?
The stomach rotating 90 degrees clockwise
What makes pepsin?
Hydrochloric acid + pepsinogen
