Digestion, Metabolism, Nutrition Flashcards
Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Carbohydrates
Bonded sugars
Primary Source of making energy
What happens if there is excess sugar?
Stored in liver and muscle cells as glycogen
Converted into adipose (fat) tissue as triglycerides
Lipids- Triglycerides
Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
Excess stored in adipose tissue
What are triglycerides used for?
Used for long term energy storage
What happens during metabolism?
Catabolism: breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller ones
Anabolism: creation of larger or new substances
Digestive System Functions
Ingestion: Taking in food/ liquids into mouth
Propulsion: Moving substances
Digestion: Breaking down substances
Absorption: Nutrients move into blood
Defecation: Removal of indigestible substances
Hard Palate
Maxillae and palatine bones
Where does the tongue force food against during chewing and swallowing?
The Hard Palate
Uvulva
The free edge of the soft palate
What are the mastication muscles?
Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral and Medial Pterygoids
What nerve innervates the mastication muscles?
Mandibular nerve
(Cranial Nerve V3)
What do the mastication muscles do?
Move the jaw
Accessory muscles that position food
Buccinator (VII)
Digastric (V3 & VII)
Geniohyoid &Tongue (XII)
Teeth types
Incisors
Cuspids (canines)
Bicuspids (premolars)
Molars