Forearm muscles

Question 1

What 2 muscles supinate the forearm?

How?

Answer 1

Biceps Brachii
Supinator.
The tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and the supinator muscle both become wrapped around the proximal end of the radius when the hand is pronated. When they contract, they unwrap from the bone, producing supination of the hand.

Question 2

What 2 muscles pronate the forearm?

HOw?

Answer 2

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus.
When these muscles contract, they pull the distal end of the radius over the ulna, resulting in pronation of the hand.

Question 3

What is the function of the Anconeus?

Answer 3

Helps during pronation. Abducts the distal end of ulnato maintain the position of the palm of the hand over a central axis during pronation. Also some hinge-like flexion and extension at the elbow.

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
What functions are the muscles associated with?

Answer 4

Superficial, intermediate, and deep layers.
Flexion and deviation of the wrist.
Flexion of the fingers and thumb
Flexion of the elbow. 
Pronation.

Question 5

What are the 2 layers of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
What functions are they associated with?

Answer 5

Superficial and deep layers.
Extension and deviation of the wrist.
Extension of the fingers and thumb.
Extension of the elbow.
Supination.

Question 6

Name the 4 Muscles of the Anterior Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment of the Forearm.

Answer 6

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus–sometimes missing.
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 7

Name the muscle of the Intermediate Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm.

Answer 7

Flexor digitorum superficialis.

Question 8

Which muscle in the anterior compartment has two heads and is shaped like a lightning bolt?

Answer 8

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.

Question 9

Name the 3 muscles of the Deep Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm.

Answer 9

Flexor Digitorum Profundus.
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus

Question 10

What 2 nerve innervate the anterior compartment?

Answer 10

Medial and Ulnar.

Question 11

Name the 6 muscles of the Superficial Layer of the Posterior Compartment of Forearm

Answer 11

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Brachioradialis

Question 12

Name the 4 muscles of the Deep Layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm.

Answer 12

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Indicis.

Question 13

Name the 3 muscles taht extend, abduct, and/or adduct the hand at the wrist.

Answer 13

Extensor carpi radialis longus.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 14

Name the 3 muscles that extend the medial four fingers.

Answer 14

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digit minimi

Question 15

Name the 3 muscle that extend or abduct the thumb

Answer 15

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

Question 16

What is the Extensor Retinaculum?

Answer 16

Flat tendon made of heavy fascia to hold the tendons in place at the wrist.

Question 17

Describe 2 types of injury to the median nerve.

Answer 17

Compression under the flexor retinaculum (Carpal tunnel))
Ligament of Struthers: it is an embryological remnant from the coracobrachialis muscle that will compress the nerve…rare.

Question 18

Describe transectio of the radial or ulnar arteries.

Answer 18

A hand through a plate glass window.
Radial and ulnar arteries are positioned sucutaneously and may be easily injured.
Dangerous but surgically repairable.