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PT 603 Anatomy > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

2 compartments of the Forearm

A

Anterior compartment

Posterior compartment

separated by: lateral intermuscular septum

interosseous membrane

attachment of deep fascia along the posterior border of the ulna

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2
Q

Anterior Compartment

A

Contains muscles that predominantly:

flex the wrist and digits

pronate the forearm

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3
Q

Posterior Compartment

A

Contains muscles that predominantly:

extend the wrist and digits

supinate the forearm

Major nerves and vessels supply or pass through each compartment

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4
Q

Distal Radio-ulnar Joint

A

Members: head of the ulna

ulnar notch on the radius

fibrous articular disc

Classification: modified ovoid joint

Fxn: allows the distal end of the radius to move anteriomedially over the ulna producing pronation and supination

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5
Q

Pronation/Supination

A

radius rotates at the elbow and distal end of the radius moves over the ulna!

Pronation: palmar posterior position

Supination: Palmer anterior position

Occurs ENTIRELY in the forearm

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6
Q

Pronation/Supination at the proximal radio-ulnar joint

A

superior articulate surface of the radius head spins on the capitulum

Articular surface on the side of the head slides against the radial notch of the ulna

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7
Q

Pronation/Supination at the distal radio-ulnar joint

A

ulnar notch slide anteriorly over the convex surface of teh head of the ulna

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8
Q

Ulna and Radius are held together by what?

A

Annular ligament of radius (PRUJ)

Interosseous membrane

The articular disc (DRUJ)

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9
Q

Anterior Compartment Muscles

A

Superficial Layer:

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate Layer:

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Deep Layer:

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator Quadratus

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10
Q

Posterior Compartment

A

Superficial Layer:

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Externsor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis

Extensor Digitorum

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Deep Layer:

Supinator

Abd-Pollicis Longus

Extensor Pollicis Longus/Brevis

Extensor Indicis

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11
Q

Radial Artery

A

Fxn and Course:

  • originates from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa
  • Passes along the lateral aspect of the forearm traveling
  • proximal 1/3–Just deep to the brachioradialis muscle

Middle 1/3-with the superficial branch of the radial nerve

Distal 1/3-superficially convered only by deep fascia, superficial fascia, and skin

Supplies the lateral forearm and forms the deep arch of the hand

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12
Q

Radial Pulse

A

Palpated in the distal forearm by moving lateral to the tendon of the FCR muscle

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13
Q

Radial Artery Branches

A

Radial recurrent a.—anastomoses with Radial collateral

Superficial Palmar branch

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14
Q

Superificial Palmar Branch

A

Enters the hand by passing through or superficial to the thenar muscles at the base of the thumb

Anastomoses with the superficial palmar arch formed by the ulnar artery

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15
Q

Ulnar Artery

A

Fxn and Course:

Larger than the radial artery and passes down the medial side of the forearm

Supplies the medial forearm

Leaves the cubital fossa by passing deep to the pronator teres muscle and then passes through the forearm in the fascial plane b/w FCU and FDP

In distal forearm it remains tucked under the FCU tendon and is not easily palpable

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16
Q

Main branches of Ulnar Artery

A

Anterior ulnar recurrent a.

Posterior ulnar recurrent a.

Common interosseous a.

–anterior interosseous a

–posterior interosseous a.

–interosseous recurrent a.

17
Q

Anterior interosseous a.

A

supplies muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm and the radius and ulna

Contributes to the vascular network around the carpal bones

18
Q

Posterior interosseous artery

A

passes dorsally over the proximal margin of the interosseous membrane into the posterior compartment of the forearm

19
Q

Anterior Compartment innervation

A

Median Nerve

—–all muscles but 11/2

Ulnar Nerve

—Only 11/2 muscles

20
Q

Posterior compartment innervation

A

Radial Nerve

21
Q

Median Nerve

A

supplies all of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm except for FCU/Ulnar 1/2 FDP

Passes b/w the two heads of the pronator teres mm

Travels in the forearm on the deep surface of the FDS

Leaves the forearm and enters the palm by passing through the carpal tunnel deep to the flexor retinaculum

22
Q

Median Nerve Branch: Anterior Interosseous N.

A

Originates b/w the 2 heads of the pronator teres

Passes distally down the forearm with the anterior interosseus artery

Innervates the muscles in the deep layer

Terminates as articular branches to joints of the distal forearm and wrist

23
Q

Palmar Cutaneous Nerve

A

Originates in the distal forearm immediately proximal to the flexor retinaculum

Innervates the skin over the base and central palm

24
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A

Passes through the forearm innervating only the FCU and the medial portion of the FDP (to 4th and 5th digits)

Enters the anterior compartment by passing posteriorly around the medial epicondyle of the humerus and b/w the humeral and ulnar heads of the FCU

Travels in medial side of the forearm in the plane b/w the FCU and FDP muscles

Ulnar artery is lateral to the nerve n the distal 2/3 of forearm

25
Q

Guyon’s Canal

A

Ulnar nerve enters the hand superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral to the pisiform bone

26
Q

Palmar Cutaneous Branch

A

Originates in the middle of the forearm

Supplies the skin on the medial side of the palm

27
Q

Dorsal Cutaneous Branch

A

Originates in the distal forearm and passes posteriorly deep to the tendon of the FCU

Innervates the skin on the dorsomedial side of the hand and most skin on the dorsal surface of the medial 11/2 digits

28
Q

Ulnar Nerve Cutaneous Distribution from Branches in the Forearm

A
29
Q

Radial Nerve

A

Bifurcates into deep and superficial branches under the margin of the brachioradialis muscle

30
Q

Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

A

Predominantly motor-innervates muscles of the superficial layer

Passes b/w two heads of supinator

31
Q

Superficial Branch of Radial N.

A

Predominantly cutaneous

Passes down the anterolateral aspect of the forearm deep to the brachioradialis mm

About 2/3 of the way down the forearm the nerve becomes lateral and dorsal to the brachioradialis

Nerve continues into the hand where it innervates the skin on the dorsolateral surface

32
Q

Posterior interosseous N.

A

deep radial n. becomes the posterior interosseous n. after emerging from b/w the two heads of the supinator

supplies the muscles in the deep layer

terminates as articular branches which pass deep to the extensor policis longus muscle to reach the wrist

33
Q

Lateral Antebrachial cutaneous n.

A

from the musculocutaneous nerve

34
Q

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

35
Q

Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

from radial nerve

36
Q

Dermatomes of the forearm

A

PT 603 Anatomy (4 decks)

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