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PT 603 Anatomy > Arm > Flashcards

Arm Flashcards

1
Q

2 compartments of the arm

A

formed by the medial and lateral intermuscular septa which passes from each side of the humerus to the outer sleeve of deep fascia that surround the limb.

Anterior and Posterior compartments

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2
Q

Anterior Compartment

A

Contains muscles that predominantly FLEX the elbow jt

Contains Brachial Artery

Contains peripheral nerves derived from the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus

All musculature is innervated by Musculocutaneous Nerve

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3
Q

Posterior Compartment

A

contains muscles that predominatly EXTEND the elbow jt

Contains peripheral nerves derived from posterior division of the brachial plexus

All the musculature in the posterior arm are innervated by the Radial nerve

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4
Q

Carrying Angle

A

Angualtion b/w the long axis of humerus and the long axis of the forearm

Due to the configuration of the articular surfaces

Slightly greater in women than in men

women= 10-15

men=5

Abnormal if outside these ranges and it is called cubitus valgus

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5
Q

Bicipital Aponeurosis

A

Distal continuation of the common biceps tendon

Triangular membranous band

Connects biceps tendon to the deep fascia of the forearm

Fxn: provides protection for the brachial artery and the median nerve in the cubital fossa

Alters the force distribution and decreased the pressure of the biceps tendon on the radial tuberosity

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6
Q

Brachial Artery

A

Fxn and Course:

  • Provides main arterial supply to arm
  • Continuation of the axillary artery: after passing the inferior border of teres major
  • ends in the cubital fossa anterior to the brachialis
  • initially lies medial in the arm passes inferolaterally to become anterior in the arm
  • travels with the median nerve which initially lies anterior to the artery but becomes medial in the cubital fossa
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7
Q

Brachial Profunda (deep artery of the arm)

A

Main branch off the brachial

provides blood supply to the posterior compartment of the arm

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8
Q

Superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery

A

Participate in elbow anastomoses

Superior ulnar collateral connects with posterior ulnar recurrent

inferior ulnar collateral connects with the anterior ulnar recurrent

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9
Q

Radial Artery

A

at or near the cubital fossa under the bicipital aponeurosis

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10
Q

Ulnar artery

A

at or near the cubital fossa under the bicipital aponeurosis

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11
Q

Middle collateral artery

A

participant from the brachial profunda artery

connects with the interrosseous recurrent artery

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12
Q

Radial collateral a.

A

connects with radial recurrent artery

participant from the brachial profunda and radial artery

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13
Q

Participants from ulnar artery

A

anterior and posterior ulnar recurrents

interosseous recurrent from the common interosseus artery off the ulnar artery

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14
Q

Cephalic Vein

A

travels primarily on the lateral surface of the arm

travels superiorly to the deltopectoral groove

travels with the deltoid branch from the thoracoacromial trunk in the deltopectoral groove

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15
Q

Basilic vein

A

ascends into the inferior medial arm

passes deeply, piercing the brachial fascia to merge with the accompanying veins of the brachial veins to form the axillary vein

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16
Q

Median cubital vein

A

communication b/w the cephalic vein and the basilic vein

serves as the site for venous puncture for drawing blood

17
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

supplies all of the anterior compartment

pierces the coracobrachialis

travels b/w the biceps brachii and brachialis

becomes the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

18
Q

Median nerve

A

initally lateral to the brachial artery

crosses anterior as it travels with the brachial artery

becomes medial to the brachial artery in the cubital gossa

Does not supply any muscles in the ARM

19
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A

medial to the brachial artery

around the middle of the arm pierces the medial intermuscular septum (with the superior ulnar collateral artery)

Passes posterior to the medial epicondyle (easily palpated at the “funny bone site”)

20
Q

Radial Nerve

A

Supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm

initally radial nerve is posterior to the brachial artery, medial to the huemrus, and anterior to the LH of the triceps brachii

Travels inferolaterally in the spiral line (radial groove) on the posterior humerus

provides motor innervation to the LH & lateral head of the triceps brachii prior to the spiral line

provides innervation to the medial head of the triceps brachii from the spiral line

pierces the lateral intermuscular septim and enters the anterior compartment of the arm

passes b/w the brachialis and brachioradialis

At the level of the lateral epicondyle the radial nerve divides deep and superifical branch

—deep branch=entirely muscular and articular and pierces the supinator

–superficial nerve is entirely cutaneous

21
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of the arm

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

Medial brachial cutaenous (from medial cord (C8-T1)

Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (From axillary)

Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous (from radial)

Posterior brachial cutaneous (from radial)

22
Q

Dermatomes of the arm

A
23
Q

Cubital Fossa Borders

A

Superiorly: an imaginary line connecting the medial & lateral epicondyles

Medially: pronator teres

Laterally: brachioradialis

Floor: brachialis & supinator muscles

Roof: deep fascia reinforced with the bicipital aponeurosis

24
Q

Cubital Fossa: Lateral to medial

A

Lateral: biceps Tendon

Middle: brachial Artery

Medial: median Nerve

Median cubital vein lies in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the cubital fossa

25
Q

Cubital Fossa Contents

A

Terminal part of the brachial artery

Commencement of the radial and ulnar arteries

Biceps brachii tendon

Median Nerve

26
Q

Humeroulnar and humeroradial jts

A

Hinge joints

Uniaxial diarthrodial jt

1 DOF

Allows Flexion/Ext

Humeroulnar: modified SELLAR

Humeroradial: modified OVOID

27
Q

Proximal radioulnar jt

A

Uniaxial diarthrodial jt

trochoid (pivot) type jt

Modified OVOID

1 DOF

allows for pronation/supination

28
Q

Elbow Jts Fxns

A

Elbow complex is designed to serve the hand in space

can provide mobility and stability

29
Q

Trochlea

A

distal humerus

covered with articular cartilage

spool-shaped (hourglass)

Trochlear groove: spirals obliquely around the trochlea and divides into a medial and lateral portion

30
Q

Articular surface of the distal humerus

A

sellar or saddle-shaped

superior to the trochlea on the anterior surface of teh humerus=coronoid fossa

Posteriorly=olecranon fossa

31
Q

Capitulum

A

covered with articular cartilage

spherically shaped

separated from the trochlea by the capitulotrochlear groove

Superior to the capitulum on the anterior surface of humerus is the radial fossa

32
Q

Position

A

distal humerus is slightly internally rotated

medial aspect of the trochlea is inferior with respect to the capitulum

both the trochlea and capitulum are anterior to the shaft of the humerus

33
Q

Attachments of the Jt capsule

A

Anterior proximal: superior to the radial and coronoid fossa

Anterior distal: inserted onto the ulna at the margin of the coronoid process

Laterally: blends with the fibers of the LCL

Medially: blends with fibers of the MCL

Posteriorly: attached to the upper edge of the olecranon fossa

Jt capsule is relatively weak antereriorly and posteriorly but it is reinforced medially and laterally by ligaments

34
Q

Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament of the elbow

A

Anterior medial collateral ligament

Posterior medial collateral ligament

Transverse (oblique) ligament

35
Q

Fxn of Anterior medial collateral ligament

A

This is the MOST IMPORTANT

attaches tip of medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process of the ulna

can be divided into fxnal bands

limits primarily extension and resists valgus stress

36
Q

Fxnal consideration of posterior medial collateral ligament

A

attaches from the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle to the olecranon process and coronoid process of the ulna

limits primarily flexion

37
Q

Lateral (radial) collateral ligament of the elbow

A

Fan shaped

Poorly demarcated

extends from inferior lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the annular ligament and to the lateral aspect of the olecranon process

Fxn: resists varus stress

PT 603 Anatomy (4 decks)

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