Forces That Shape Earths Crust

Question 1

Tension

Answer 1

Tension is stress that pulls and stretches rock. Tension makes rocks thinner in the middle. Tension happens when 2 plates move apart

Question 2

Compression

Answer 2

Compression is stress that squeezes rock. Compression makes rock fold or break. Compression happens when two plates push together

Question 3

Shearing

Answer 3

Shearing is stress that pushes rocks in opposite directions. Shearing makes rocks break slip apart, or change shape. Shearing happens when two plates slip past each other in opposite directions

Question 4

Hanging wall and Footwall

Answer 4

In many faults the fault line is slanted. So the block of rock on one side of the fault is above the block of rock on the other side of the fault. The top rock is called the hanging wall and the bottom rock is called the wall

Question 5

Normal Fault

Answer 5

A normal fault happens when tension pulls rocks apart. In a normal fault the hanging wall slips down and becomes lower than the foot wall

Question 6

Reverse fault

Answer 6

A Reverse fault happens when compression pushes rocks together. In a reverse fault the hanging wall slips up and becomes higher than the foot wall

Question 7

Strike slip fault

Answer 7

A strike slip fault happens when searing pushes rocks in different directions in a strike slip fault two blocks of rock move past each other. But neither block moves up or down

Question 8

Stress

Answer 8

When earths plates move, rocks are pushed and pulled. The pushes and pulls are called stress. Stress adds energy to rocks

Question 9

Magma

Answer 9

Magma is lava before it has been erupted it is made of water, ash, gas and rock

Question 10

Lava

Answer 10

When a volcano erupts lava comes out. Lava is magma that is out of the volcanoe. Lava is made of the same things magma is made of: water, ash, gas and rock

Question 11

Earthquake

Answer 11

An earthquake is the shaking in earths crust that results from movement beneath the earths crust

Question 12

Focus

Answer 12

The focus is the area beneath rocks surface where rocks that are under stress break triggering an earthquake

Question 13

Epicenter

Answer 13

The point directly above the focus is called the epicenter. The epicenter is located in the crust while the focus is located inside the earth

Question 14

Ring of Fire

Answer 14

One major volcanic belt is called the ring of fire. The ring of fire is located in the pacific plate. It was formed by the many volcanoes that rim the pacific plate

Question 15

Hot spot

Answer 15

A hotspot is an area where material from deep within the mantle rises up and melts forming magma.

Question 16

How is a volcano formed?

Answer 16

A volcanoe forms above a hotspot. When magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface

Question 17

How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?

Answer 17

The Hawaiian islands were formed when a hotspot erupted and pushed up the crust to form an island. As the pacific plate moved westward the hotspot kept erupting making more islands and thus the Hawaiian islands were formed. The hotspot did not move only the pacific plate

Question 18

Volcano

Answer 18

A volcanoe is a weak spot on the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface and erupts

Question 19

Magma

Answer 19

Magma is lava before it has been erupted it is made of water, ash, gas and rock

Question 20

Lava

Answer 20

When a volcano erupts lava comes out. Lava is magma that is out of the volcanoe. Lava is made of the same things magma is made of: water, ash, gas and rock

Question 21

Earthquake

Answer 21

An earthquake is the shaking in earths crust that results from movement beneath the earths crust

Question 22

Focus

Answer 22

The focus is the area beneath rocks surface where rocks that are under stress break triggering an earthquake

Question 23

Epicenter

Answer 23

The point directly above the focus is called the epicenter. The epicenter is located in the crust while the focus is located inside the earth

Question 24

Ring of Fire

Answer 24

One major volcanic belt is called the ring of fire. The ring of fire is located in the pacific plate. It was formed by the many volcanoes that rim the pacific plate

Question 25

Hot spot

Answer 25

A hotspot is an area where material from deep within the mantle rises up and melts forming magma.

Question 26

How is a volcano formed?

Answer 26

A volcanoe forms above a hotspot. When magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface

Question 27

How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?

Answer 27

The Hawaiian islands were formed when a hotspot erupted and pushed up the crust to form an island. As the pacific plate moved westward the hotspot kept erupting making more islands and thus the Hawaiian islands were formed. The hotspot did not move only the pacific plate

Question 28

Volcano

Answer 28

A volcanoe is a weak spot on the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface and erupts