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physics > forces and motions ✓ > Flashcards

forces and motions ✓ Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the SI units for mass ?

A

kilograms

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2
Q

what are the SI units for acceleration ?

A

metres per second squared

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3
Q

what are the SI units for distance ?

A

metres

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4
Q

what are the SI units for force ?

A

newtons

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5
Q

what are the SI units for speed ?

A

metres per second

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6
Q

what are the SI units for time ?

A

seconds

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7
Q

what does stand for t ?

A

time

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8
Q

what does stand for m ?

A

mass

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9
Q

what does stand for v ?

A

final velocity

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10
Q

what does stand for u ?

A

initial velocity

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11
Q

what does stand for F ?

A

force

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12
Q

what does stand for a ?

A

acceleration

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13
Q

what is the equation for speed ?

A

speed = distance ÷ time

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14
Q

what is the equation for distance ?

A

distance = speed X time

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15
Q

what is the equation for time ?

A

time = distance ÷ speed

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16
Q

what is the difference between mass and weight ?

A 
mass = the quantity of matter a body contains 
weight = the force exerted by the gravity on that object
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17
Q

what is weight ?

A

a force

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18
Q

what is an experiment to show the speed of an object ?

A
  • get a toy car
  • measure the distance it is going to travel
  • time how fast it takes it to move this distance
  • use the equation speed = distance ÷ time
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19
Q

what is the equation for acceleration ?

A

acceleration = change in speed ÷ time

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20
Q

what is the symbol equation for acceleration ?

A

a = v-u ÷ t

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21
Q

what is the word equation for final velocity squared ?

A

(final velocity)² = (initial velocity)² + (2 X acceleration X distance)

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22
Q

what is a scalar quantity ?

A

has magnitude (size) and direction

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23
Q

what is a vector quantity ?

A

has magnitude (size) only

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24
Q

what are some examples of scalar quantities ?

A
  • power
  • distance
  • mass
  • energy
  • speed
  • time
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25
Q

what are some examples of vector quantities ?

A
  • acceleration
  • displacement
  • current
  • force
  • velocity
  • momentum
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26
Q

what is the difference between velocity and speed ?

A

velocity is speed with a direction

speed doesn’t have a direction

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27
Q

what is the difference between displacement and distance ?

A

distance is how much ground an object has covered

displacement is how far out of place an object is

28
Q

what are some different types of force ?

A
  • gravitational force
  • upthrust
  • air resistance
  • friction (drag)
  • applied force
29
Q

what can forces do ?

A

change the speed, shape, or direction of an object

30
Q

what is newtons first law ?

A

an object remains stationary or at constant velocity unless there is a resultant force on it

31
Q

what is newtons second law ?

A
  • when there is a resultant force on a body it will accelerate
  • the larger the mass of the body the less the acceleration
32
Q

what is the equation for weight ?

A

weight = mass X gravitational force constant

33
Q

how many newtons is the gravitational force constant ?

A

10 N

34
Q

what is the symbol equation for weight ?

A

W =mg

35
Q

what do friction and drag do ?

A

act to oppose the direction of motion

36
Q

what is the equation for force ?

A

force = mass X acceleration

37
Q

what is F in the equation ?

A

force

F is the resultant force

38
Q

how do we work out the velocity on a distance time graph and what is the equation ?

A

work out the gradient

rise ÷ run

39
Q

what does stationary look like on a distance time graph ?

A

a straight line at zero

40
Q

what does constant velocity look like on a distance time graph ?

A

a straight line

41
Q

what does accelerating look like on a distance time graph ?

A

steep line moving away from the x axis

42
Q

what does decelerating look like on a distance time graph ?

A

steep line moving towards the x axis

43
Q

how do we determine the distance travelled on a speed time graph ?

A

find the area

44
Q

what is earths gravitational field strength ?

A

10 N/kg

45
Q

what is earth in absence of ?

A

earth is in absence of drag

46
Q

what do all objects do on earth ?

A

accelerate towards the earth at the acceleration of free fall which is 10 m/s²

47
Q

as velocity increases what happens to drag ?

A

drag increases

48
Q

as surface area increases what happens to drag ?

A

drag increases

49
Q

why do objects falling reach terminal velocity ?

A
  • because as they are falling they are accelerating and then when they reach terminal velocity it is when they cannot accelerate any faster
  • the gravitational pull force and the opposing force upthrust or drag are equal in strength
50
Q

what is an experiment to explore the the terminal velocity ?

A
  • parachuter jumps out of plane they will be accelerating
  • after 2 minutes parachuter is at his terminal velocity
  • parachuter releases his parachute his velocity is decreasing
  • after another 2 minutes the parachuter with his parachute open has reached his terminal velocity again but it id slower
51
Q

what is the equation to work out the linear momentum of an object ?

A

momentum = mass X velocity

52
Q

what is force equal to and what is the equation for this ?

A

force = change in momentum ÷ time taken = final momentum - initial momentum ÷ time taken
force is equal to rate of change of momentum

53
Q

how do crumple zones, air bags and seat belts save lives ?

A

they all increase the time taken for the person to stop, if you increase time then the force decreases which reduces chance of injury

54
Q

what is the equation for stopping distance ?

A

stopping distance = thinking distance + breaking distance

55
Q

what factors affect thinking distance ?

A
  • drinking
  • drugs
  • disgraced by music
  • phones
  • tired
56
Q

what factors affect breaking distance ?

A
  • condition of tyres
  • mass of vehicle
  • wet road
  • driving down hill
57
Q

what is an experiment to explore extension varies with force for springs ?

A
  • attach a spring to a clamp
  • attach weights onto the spring
  • keep putting the weights onto the spring until the spring breaks and cannot hold any more weights
58
Q

what happens on a graph when the weights are put onto a spring elastic band or wires ?

A

the object at the start becomes elastically deformed and then it passes a point and it becomes plastically deformed

59
Q

what is Hooke’s law ?

A

the extension or compression of an elastic body is directly proportional to the force that causes it

60
Q

where does Hooke’s law only apply to ?

A

it only applies on the linear region on the graph

61
Q

what is the definition of elastic behaviour ?

A

return to their original length shape when the forces on them are removed

62
Q

what is the meaning of plastic deformation ?

A

if we go beyond the elastic limit the spring will plastically deform and will be permanently stretched and will not go back to its original shape

63
Q

what is weight ?

A

a force

64
Q

what is the difference between mass and weight ?

A

mass is the actual amount of material contained in a body

weight is the force exerted by the gravity on that object

65
Q

what is an experiment to investigate force on falling objects ?

A
  • parachuter jumps
  • at start weight is stronger than air resistance
  • further along the fall air resistance becomes equal in strength to weight

physics (8 decks)

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