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physics > astrophysics ✓ > Flashcards

astrophysics ✓ Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the universe made up of ?

A

a large collection of billions of galaxies

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2
Q

what is a galaxy made up of ?

A

a large collection of billions of stars

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3
Q

what is our country’s solar system called ?

A

Milky Way

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4
Q

what does a moon do ?

A

orbit planets

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5
Q

what do planets do ?

A

orbit stars

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6
Q

what do satellites do ?

A

orbit the Earth or planets

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7
Q

what do comets do ?

A

orbit stars

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8
Q

what do moons and planets follow on their orbits ?

A

roughly circular orbits

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9
Q

what speed does a moon or planet orbit at ?

A

constant speed

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10
Q

what are the orbits of the comets ?

A
  • highly elliptical
  • travels fastest when it is closest to the star
  • where the gravitational attraction is strongest
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11
Q

what are the units for orbital speed ?

A

metres (distance) per second

m/s

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12
Q

how are stars classified ?

A
  • according to their colour
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13
Q

what is an an acronym for the stellar classification ?

A 
Oh
Boy
A
Fit 
Guy 
Kissed 
Me
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14
Q

what are the orders of the colours for stellar classification ?

A 
O - blue 
B - blue 
A - blue 
F - blue - white 
G - white - yellow 
K - orange - red 
M - red
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15
Q

what is the colour of a star related to ?

A

its temperature

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16
Q

what is the life cycle of a massive star ?

A
  • nebula
  • protostar
  • main sequence
  • red supergiant
  • super nova
  • neutron star
  • black hole
17
Q

what is the life cycle of a small star ?

A
  • nebula
  • protostar
  • main sequence
  • red giant
  • white dwarf
  • black dwarf
18
Q

what is a nebula ?

A

a cold of dust and gas

19
Q

what is a main sequence star ?

A

it is the stable period when outwards pressure caused by thermal expansion balances the force of gravity pulling everything inwards.

20
Q

what is a red giant ?

A

the hydrogen in the core begins to run out. the star is compressed until it it dense and hot enough that energy created makes the outer layers of the star expand

21
Q

what is a white dwarf ?

A

a small to medium sized star becomes unstable and ejects the outer layer of dust and gas leaving a hot dense solid core which is the white dwarf

22
Q

why does the gravitational field strength vary ?

A

it varies according to the mass of an object

23
Q

what is the equation for orbital speed (given in exam) ?

A

orbital speed = 2π x orbital radius ÷ time period

physics (8 decks)

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