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physics > electricity ✓ > Flashcards

electricity ✓ Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the symbol for current ?

A

I

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2
Q

what is the symbol for energy ?

A

Q

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3
Q

what is the symbol for charge ?

A

E

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4
Q

what is the symbol for resistance ?

A

R

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5
Q

what is the symbol for voltage ?

A

V

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6
Q

what is the symbol for power ?

A

P

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7
Q

what is current measured in ?

A

amperes/amps (A)

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8
Q

what is charge measured in ?

A

coulombs (C)

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9
Q

what is energy measured in ?

A

Joules (J)

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10
Q

what is resistance measured in ?

A

ohms (Ω)

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11
Q

what is time measured in ?

A

seconds (s)

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12
Q

what is voltage measured in ?

A

volts (v)

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13
Q

what is power measured in ?

A

Watts (W)

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14
Q

what is current ?

A

it is a measure of the rate of flow of charge

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15
Q

what is voltage ?

A

the energy transferred per Coulomb of charge

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16
Q

what is electric current in a wire or metal conductor ?

A

the flow of electrons

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17
Q

what is the equation for charge ?

A

charge = current x time

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18
Q

what is the symbol equation for charge ?

A

Q = I x t

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19
Q

what materials are conductors ?

A

metals

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20
Q

what materials are insulators ?

A

plastic

21
Q

what does the current in a series circuit depend on ?

A

the applied voltage and resistance of the components

22
Q

what is the equation for voltage ?

A

voltage = current x resistance

23
Q

what is the symbol equation for voltage ?

A

V = I x R

24
Q

in a series circuit what is the current strength ?

A

the current is the same at every point

25
Q

in a parallel circuit what is the current split between ?

A

the arms of the circuit

26
Q

in a series circuit what is the voltage split between ?

A

each of the components

27
Q

in a parallel circuit what is the voltage at each component ?

A

it is the same

28
Q

how does current vary for a fixed resistor ?

A

potential difference is directly proportional to the current

29
Q

how does current vary for a wire at constant temperature ?

A

current through a metallic conductor is proportional to the potential difference across it if the temperature remains constant

30
Q

how does current vary for a filament lamp ?

A

the current flowing through a filament lamp is not directly proportional to the voltage across it

31
Q

how does current vary for a wire ?

A

as more components are added the current decreases

32
Q

how does current vary for a diode ?

A

if the potential difference is arranged to try and push the current the wrong way no current will flow as the diode’s resistance remains very large

33
Q

how does current in a wire or filament lamp transfers energy to it ?

A

energy gets transferred to the component which causes it to heat up. This is used in light bulbs to make the room lighter and is used in electric heaters

34
Q

what does the gradient of a graph of voltage against current graph show ?

A

it gives the resistance
steep means high resistance
shallow means low resistance

35
Q

what can lamps and LED’s be used for ?

A

to indicate the presence of current in a circuit

36
Q

why is a series of parallel circuit more appropriate for domestic lighting ?

A

series circuits are used more in fairy lights because they light the whole series of lights in one whereas parallel circuits are more useful for lighting in rooms because if one breaks only one light stop working instead of all of the lights in the house to stop working

37
Q

how do fuses work ?

A
  • if a fault develops which the live touches the metal case
  • because case is earthed large current flows through the live, through the case and out of the earth wires
  • surge in current blows (melts) fuse which cuts of live supply
  • this isolates the whole appliance and makes it impossible to get and electric shock from the case and prevents risk of fire
38
Q

how does earthing work ?

A

earthing means that the case must be attached to an earth wire. The earth conductor never becomes live and directs the live to the earth wires

39
Q

what is the symbol for double insulation ?

A

square inside another square

40
Q

what do double insulated appliances not require ?

A

earth connections

41
Q

why do double insulated appliances not require earth connections ?

A
  • the plastic is an insulator

- stops current from flowing

42
Q

what are the advantages of using a circuit breaker over a fuse ?

A
  • when circuit breakers detect a surge in current they break the circuit by opening a switch
  • circuit breakers can be easily re-set so more convenient because fuses have to be replaced
43
Q

what is the equation for power ?

A

power = current x voltage

44
Q

what is the symbol equation for power ?

A

p = I x V

45
Q

what is the equation for the energy transferred ? (given in exam)

A

energy transferred = current x voltage x time

46
Q

what is the symbol equation for the energy transferred ? (given in exam)

A

E = I x V x t

47
Q

what is the equation for energy ?

A

energy = charge x voltage

48
Q

what is the symbol equation for energy ?

A

E = Q x V

49
Q

what is the difference between AC current (alternating) and DC current (direct) ?

A 
AC = current is constantly changing directions 
DC = current stays in same direction

physics (8 decks)

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