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Physics 30 > Forces and Fields/Magnetism > Flashcards

Forces and Fields/Magnetism Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrostatics

A

the study of charges not in motion

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2
Q

Law of Conservation of Charge

A

the net amount of electric charge produced in any process is zero. you cannot create or destroy charges

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3
Q

what is an ion

A

an atom that has lost or gained electrons

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4
Q

conductivity

A

a way of describing how easily charges move through a material

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5
Q

insulators

A

charges do not move easily. (most materials besides metals (plastic, glass, rubber))

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6
Q

conductors

A

charges move easily, they are free moving. most metals

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7
Q

separation of charge (polarization)

A

movement of electrons in an neutral object where one side becomes positive and the other side becomes negative.

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8
Q

charging by friction

A

rubbing two materials together, causing electrons to transfer from one material to the other. some materials hold electrons better than others. results in oppositely charged objects

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9
Q

charging by induction

A

when a charged object comes close enough to induce a charge (no contact), causing a redistribution/separation of charges. results in oppositely charged objects

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10
Q

charging by conduction

A

when a charged object comes in contact with another and electrons transfer from one to the other. charges are shared this results in identically charged objects

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11
Q

grounding

A

the process of connecting a charged object to the earth which will cause the grounded object to neutralize in terms of charge.

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12
Q

electroscope

A

an instrument used to detect the presence and nature of a charge. the more the leaves diverge, the greater the charge

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13
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

describes the electrostatic force between two charged objects in relation to the distance between them. Fe = (kq1q2) / r^2

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14
Q

What did Coulomb use to study the relationship between distance and charge?

A

a torsion balance apparatus

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15
Q

Fields

A

arc spheres of influence and cause an ‘action at a distance’. number of field lines indicate strength

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16
Q

vector fields

A

have specific directions as well as magnitude

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17
Q

Electric Fields

A

radiate away from positive charge and towards negative charge.

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18
Q

test charge

A

the mathematically perfect charge that could be brought near another charge (source charge) to measure the source charge’s electric field.

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19
Q

potential difference

A

the work required to move a charge between two points in an electric field

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20
Q

current

A

the flow rate of an electric charge

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21
Q

What was Millikan’s experiment

A

he used the the electric field created by two parallel plates to determine the charge of an electron (the oil drop experiment)

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22
Q

how did Millikan’s oil drop experiment work

A

he dropped oil droplets between two charged plates. the positive ones would accelerate down, towards the negative plate, the negative ones would fall enough for Fe=Fg

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23
Q

can causing by induction cause permanent charge changes?

A

yes. if an something neutral is grounded and a positive rod is brought near it, the electrons in the object and more electrons from the ground will move towards the positive rod. when the ground is removed, there are more electrons than there where before.

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24
Q

who developed the idea of field lines?

A

Michael Faraday

25
Q

how can work be done in an electrical system

A

pull opposite charges apart or push like charges together

26
Q

what does a cathode ray tube do

A

it uses electric fields to accelerate electrons (aka electron gun)

27
Q

cathode is connected to

A

negative terminal

28
Q

anode in connected to

A

positive terminal

29
Q

which metals experience noticeable net force in a magnetic field?

A

iron, copper, nickel

30
Q

what are magnetic fields caused by

A

moving charges

31
Q

what causes magnets

A

electrons spinning, causing magnetic fields

32
Q

what are domains

A

small magnets inside magnets.

33
Q

which direction do magnetic field lines point?

A

towards south and away form north

34
Q

what did Hans Christian Oersted discover?

A

electrons moving in the form of current also produce electric fields

35
Q

First Hand Rule (for straight conductors)

A

determines direction of magnetic field. Thumb - charge direction, Curled Fingers = magnetic field direction

36
Q

what does looping a current-carrying wire do

A

it increases the magnetic field

37
Q

solenoid

A

a coil of wire

38
Q

the shape of the magnetic field of a solenoid is

A

similar to that of a bar magnet

39
Q

more loops in a solenoid

A

increases field strength

40
Q

Second Hand Rule (for coils)

A

determines direction of magnetic field caused by a current-carrying coil. Curled Fingers = direction of current flow, Thumb = direction of North magnetic pole

41
Q

Third Hand Rule (for moving charges in magnetic field)

A

determines the direction of the force acting on a charged particle as it moves through an external magnetic field. Thumb = direction of charge motion, Fingers = magnetic field direction, Palm = direction of force on particle.

42
Q

What happens to neutral objects in electric or magnetic fields?

A

they are not deflected

43
Q

moving charges are known as

A

electric current

44
Q

what direction do electrons flow

A

from negative to positive

45
Q

if the conductor is levitated in the magnetic field

A

Fm = Fg

46
Q

What kind of force does magnetic force act like

A

centripetal force (center-seeking) (Fm=Fc)

47
Q

what is a mass spectrometer

A

a device that determines the charge to mass ratio of ions

48
Q

Generator effect (Induction)

A

a wire that is forced to move through a magnetic field produces a current. the current produced it’s own magnetic field that opposes the original magnetic field.

49
Q

Galvanometer

A

device that measures current and it’s direction

50
Q

Three ways to induce a current

A
  1. Move a conductor near a magnet
  2. Move a magnet near a conductor
  3. change the strength of the magnetic field
51
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

the direction of an induced current will cause a magnetic field that opposes the charge in the external field that is causing the induced current. uses conservation of energy.

52
Q

Motor effect

A

current carrying wire in a magnetic field will experience a force causing the wire to turn

53
Q

How do you tell which direction electric field lines are in?

A

the direction a positive charge would move (towards negative and away from positive)

54
Q

what is the net electric field?

A

the sum of all the individual fields

55
Q

magnetic fields are produced by

A

moving charges

56
Q

where does a compass needle point on a wire

A

it is deflected perpendicular to the current carrying wire. it shows the direction of the magnetic field

57
Q

the direction of the current flow affects the

A

direction of the magnetic field

58
Q

are electric and magnetic positive and negative the same phenomena

A

no. positive and negative charges are NOT attracted to or repelled from north and south poles

Physics 30 (4 decks)

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