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Physics 30 > Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) > Flashcards

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Flashcards

1
Q

what produced electromagnetic radiation

A

accelerating charges

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2
Q

does EMR act like a particle or a wave?

A

both, either

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3
Q

when does EMR act like a wave

A

in diffraction and interference. if the frequency is less than visible light

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4
Q

when does EMR act like a particle

A

when the frequency is greater than visible light

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5
Q

characteristics of red light (left side of visible spectrum)

A

about 700 nm, low energy, low frequency, long wavelength

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6
Q

characteristics of violet light (right side of visible spectrum)

A

about 400 nm, high energy, high frequency, short wavelength

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7
Q

what is ionizing radiation

A

EMR past visible light (ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation)

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8
Q

what is the universal wave equation

A

c = λf it works for all EMR

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9
Q

what speed does EMR travel at

A

the speed of light, 3.00 x 10^8 m/s

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10
Q

What was the Michelson experiment

A

he used a rotating, 8 sided disk and a mirror 35km (?) away to measure the speed of light. the light bounced off one flat side of the disk, hit the mirror and traveled back to hit a flat side of the disk.

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11
Q

refraction

A

the changing of direction or bending of a ray as it passes from one medium to another. it is caused by a sudden change in speed

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12
Q

when does speed decrease in refraction

A

when θ1 > θ2 . the wave is faster in medium 1

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13
Q

when does speed increase in refraction

A

when θ1 < θ2. the wave is slower in medium 1

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14
Q

what does not change in Snell’s law

A

frequency

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15
Q

dispersion

A

the separation of EMR into individual wavelengths. it occurs when a wave passes from one medium to another. (forms a spectrum)

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16
Q

What happens when EMR travels from a high to low refractive index

A

it bends away from the normal line

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17
Q

critical angle

A

the greatest angle at which a ray of light can strike the boundary between the 2 mediums without causing total internal reflection.

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18
Q

when does total internal reflection occur

A

when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle

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19
Q

what do lenses and mirrors do

A

they redirect the path of EMR and form images

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20
Q

what are the possible characteristics of an image

A

Attitude - inverted or upright
Type - real or virtual
Size - larger or smaller

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21
Q

Diffraction

A

the spreading out of a wave as it passes a corner or through an opening

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22
Q

who thought light was particles

A

Newton

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23
Q

who thought light was waves

A

Huygens

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24
Q

What experiment proved that EMR could behave as a wave

A

Thomas Young’s double slit diffraction experiment

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25
the higher the energy and frequency the
shorter the wavelength
26
radio waves
used in communication, wavelength = 10^4 - 10^-2 m
27
Microwaves
made by oscillation of electrons in vacuum tubes, used in radar, heating, communicating, wavelength = 10^-1 - 10^-4 m.
28
wavelength of red light
700 - 750 nm
29
wavelength of blue/violet light
400 - 450 nm
30
wavelength of green light
550 nm
31
infared radiation
made by molecular motion, transitions of valence electrons, used for night vision, identifying heat sources, wavelength = 10^-3 - 10^-7
32
Visible light
made by valence electrons dropping from high energy to low energy. wavelength = 400-700nm
33
ultraviolet
made by higher energy transitions involving valence electrons, ionizing radiation, wavelength = 4.0x10^-7 - 4.0x10^-9 m
34
x-rays
made by sudden deceleration of very high speed electrons, ionizing radiation, wavelength = 10^-9 - 10^-12 m
35
gamma rays
made by nuclear reactions, ionizing radiation, penetrates matter very deeply, wavelength = 10^-11 - 10^-16
36
Galileo's experiment
did not work. he tried to measure the speed of light with two lanterns a mile apart but only determined that light was too fast to measure this way.
37
who measured the speed of light by observing eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io
Olaus Romer and Chrisitan Huygens
38
types of mirrors
concave converging and convex diverging
39
center of curvature
point that represents the center of the sphere from which the mirror was cut
40
Vertex
geometric center of curved mirror surface
41
Focal point
point where light rays converge or appear to diverge from after being reflected
42
what is something all real images have in common
they are all inverted
43
what is something all virtual images have in common
they are upright
44
the focal length of converging mirrors is
positive
45
the focal length of diverging mirrors is
negative
46
the more a medium slows down light,
the greater the index of refraction
47
When light passes into a medium with a larger index of refraction
it bends towards the normal (FST)
48
When light passes into a medium with a lower index of refraction
it bends away from the normal (SFA)
49
what is polarization evidence of
that light is a transverse wave
50
what does polarized light do
it vibrates in the same plane
51
what color light is more affected by refraction
blue/violet
52
what color light is more affected by defraction
red
53
in which phenomena does EMR act like a wave
diffraction and interference (the double slit experiment), and polarization
54
in which phenomena does EMR act like a particle
the Photoelectric Effect and the Compton Effect
55
threshold frequency
the minimum frequency needed to release electrons from the metal's surface
56
work function
the minimum amount of energy needed for electrons to leave the surface of a metal
57
Photoelectric formula
Ephoton = Ek + W
58
photocurrent vs frequency graph
rectangular. there are no electrons before the threshold frequency, then the frequency has no effect
59
photocurrent vs intensity graph
linear, for each photon, one electron is released
60
photocurrent vs stopping voltage graph
curved down (inverse), electrons originating below surface have greater W and smaller Ek and require a smaller stopping voltage.
61
what is light thought of in the Compton effect
a mass-less particle that has momentum

Physics 30 (4 decks)

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