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physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

adefine force

A

a push or pull that acts on an object due to it’s interaction with another object.

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2
Q

what are the factors of a vector?

A

both have a magnitude and a direction

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3
Q

give examples of contact forces

(3 marker)

A
  • friction
  • air resistance
  • tension
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4
Q

give examples of non-contact forces

(3 marker)

A
  • magnetic force
  • gravity
  • electrostatic force
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4
Q

give examples of non-contact forces

(3 marker)

A
  • magnetic force
  • gravity
  • electrostatic force
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5
Q

what are the factors of a scalar quantity?

A

it only has a magnitude

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6
Q

examples of scalar quantities

(4 marker)

A
  • speed
  • distance
  • mass
  • time
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7
Q

examples of vector quantities

(4 marker)

A
  • velocity
  • displacement
  • force
  • acceleration
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8
Q

what are the forces acting on an object in a free body diagram?

A
  • weight
  • drag
  • thrust
  • lift
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9
Q

what happens to a spring when a force is applied?

(3 marker)

A
  • compressed
  • bends
  • stretches
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9
Q

what are the two types of deformation?

A
  • elastic deformation
  • inelastic deformation
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10
Q

elastic practical

A
  • place the spring upright attached
  • there would be a little extension since it’s weight would extend it
  • add weights and measure the increase in length
  • the mass and extension is directly proportional
  • the force and extension is direcly proportional
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11
Q

graph for elasticity

A
  • the straight line would go from the origin suggesting force and extension are directly proportional
  • this would all be elastic deformation (once the mass is removed it will return to normal)
  • however once it reaches it’s limit, it will be permanently deformed.
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12
Q

what is it called when it reaches the point of inelastic deformation?

A

limit of proportionality or elastic limit

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12
Q

what is it called when it reaches the point of inelastic deformation?

A

limit of proportionality or elastic limit

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13
Q

equations for elasticity

A
  • F = k e
  • Ek = 1/2 k e^2
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14
Q

define deformation

A

the change in shape
1. length
2. cross sectional area

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15
Q

define moment

A

the rotation or turning effect of a force

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15
Q

equation for moment

A

M = F x d

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16
Q

unit for moment

A

Newton metre (Nm)

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17
Q

what is the rule for moments?

A

the sum of the total anticlockwise moment is equal to the sum of the total clockwise moment.

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18
Q

what is the effect of a smaller object on moment

A

the smaller the object, the larger the force needed since it is applied closer to the point.

19
Q

what is the function of a lever?

A

transmits the turning effect of a force

20
Q

gears

A
  • the wheels turn in opposite ways
  • the second wheel is 2x bigger
  • therefore the turning effect is also 2x bigger on the second wheel
21
Q

how is pressure created in gas?

A
  • the particles collide with eachother and the wall
  • as they collide they apply a force
22
Q

why do particles colliding perpendicular generate more pressure than particles colliding at an angle?

A
  • at perpendicular to the surface, all the force is exerted onto the wall and increases the pressure.
  • particles colliding at angles dont exert all the force onto the wall, producing less pressure.
22
Q

why do particles colliding perpendicular generate more pressure than particles colliding at an angle?

A
  • at perpendicular to the surface, all the force is exerted onto the wall and increases the pressure.
  • particles colliding at angles dont exert all the force onto the wall, producing less pressure.
23
Q

equations for pressure

A
  • p = F/A
  • p = h p g
24
Q

upthrust

A
  • water particles around the box will collide with all sides of the surface
  • since the bottom surface of the box is deeper there would be a larger upwards force.
  • this is called upthrust.
25
Q

what happens if the weight is larger than the object?

A

the object will sink

26
Q

what happens if the upthrust is larger than the weight?

A

the object floats.

27
Q

where is the density highest in the atmosphere?

A

the density is highest when its closest to the earth’s surface

28
Q

what happens as the altitude increases?

(3 marker)

A
  • there is less pressure and density with the higher the altitude
  • so the number of particles colliding with the surface decreases
  • there is more acceleration sinced there are no air particles
29
Q

define atmospheric pressure

A

the air pressure created by collision between air particles and the surface

30
Q

what happens if there are more gas particles?

(2 marker)

A
  • the greater the number of gas particles, the higher the pressure, so more frequent collisions
  • p = F/A
31
Q

what happens if there are more gas particles?

(2 marker)

A
  • the greater the number of gas particles, the higher the pressure, so more frequent collisions
  • p = F/A
32
Q

equations for acceleration

A
  • a = change in velocity/time
  • 2 a s = v^2 - u^2
33
Q

what is acceleration measured in?

A

m/s^2

34
Q

what does the gradient of a distance/time graph tell you?

A

the speed of the object

35
Q

what does a flat line on a distance/ time graph tell you?

(2 marker)

A
  • the object is stationary
  • this is because the gradient is 0 meaning the speed must also be 0.
36
Q

what does an increasing gradient/steeper line show?

A

acceleration

37
Q

what does a decreasing gradient show?

A

deceleration

38
Q

what does the grdient tell you on a velocity/time graph?

A

the acceleration

39
Q

what is the constant positive gradient?

A

acceleration

40
Q

what is the constant negative acceleration?

A

decelaration

41
Q

what do flat lines on a velocity time graph tell you?

A

the velocity is constant and there is no acceleration

42
Q

what does a steeper gradient tell you?

A

increase in acceleratiom

43
Q

define terminal velocity

A

when velocity is constant

44
Q

define stopping distance

A

the minimum distance required to stop a vehicle in an emergency

45
Q

equation for stopping distance

A

thinking distance+ braking distance

46
Q

what affects the thinking distance?

A

speed of the vehicle
reaction time

47
Q

what increases the reaction time in stopping distance?

A

tired
drunk
drugs
distracted

48
Q

what factors affect the braking distance?

A

condition of the brakes
speed + mass of car
condition of roads

physics (7 decks)

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