For whom the bell tolls test Flashcards
fascism
The aestheticizing of politics- some groups of people are inherently good and some are inherently ugly and should be eliminated from society
communism
The politicizing of aesthetics- ideas about art and beauty cannot be separated from politics. Economically, it is the removal of all free enterprise and private property
Poum
Political heretics who got declared an illegal party because they were not Stalinist
CP
official communist party
IB
international brigades- they were led by Andre Marty
anarchists
Red and black scarves- Hemingway looks down upon them as the lowest of the low- they are depicted as drunk and worthless in chapter 10
socialists
Not communists but still left leaning people
who aligns with nationalists?
Rightists, rebels, Italy and Germany, Catholic Church, estate owners, some American corps
who aligns with republicans?
Leftist, government, USSR, international volunteers, peasants, workers
what were conditions in Spain like before the war?
Before the war, Spain was under the Catholic Church, it was poor and had low education
When does the SCW start?
July 18, 1936
Who is Franco?
Dictator of Spain after the war
What is the nonintervention policy?
A policy set forth by the US, UK, and France indirectly helps the nationalists. This policy states that these countries will not be involved in the Spanish Civil War.
What are the international brigades, who is the leader, and what kind of people are mostly in them?
The international brigades are a group of international volunteers led by Andre Marty. The majority of the people were Jewish.
What was Guernica? How was it a symbol?
In April 19 37, Hitler’s condor legions fire bomb and destroy the city. It is seen as a symbol of fascist violence against civilians and it said to embody the ideals of fascism in foreign news
What was the crackdown on Poum? When was it? What is Hemingway’s opinion?
Did crack down on palm occurred in May 1937 because Putin publishes criticism of Stalin which provokes rioting. The CP cracks down, arrests and kills pool leaders and members. It is then declared an illegal party. Hemingway agrees with this crackdown because he believes that discipline is necessary especially during war and that during war it is not the time to criticize leadership.
What is George Orwell’s significance?
He volunteers, serves with poum rather than in CP run international brigades. After prom is declared illegal, oral and wife flee Spain back to England
What was red terror?
Early in the war, civilian killings by Republicans, mostly kill industrialists, landowners, and those who sided with the church, mostly by vigilantes
What was white terror?
Killings of up to 200,000 people, through the courts and orderly, continues after the war, Franco randomly choosing pardons from stack of executions
What is the significance of bullfighting?
Hemingway views bullfighting as an art. He views it like a tragedy in which the character of the bull always dies. The Matador is the artist or author and the ball represents the themes and emotionally dangerous thematic elements. He believes it is the artist’s job to write about important things and when they steer away from writing horrific events, they are cowards like matadors that pull away from the bull as it passes by
What is the iceberg theory?
The actual important stuff is implied or “under the surface”. Hemingway does a lot with a few words.
What does the POEM “for whom the bell tolls” symbolize?
The death of a republic symbolizes that once one democracy is under attack, they all will be. Fascism versus humanity
What does Robert Jordan do FIRST that has significance?
He goes to the bridge even though he is very tired which shows his discipline
Who is Pilar, what is her significance?
Pilar is masculine, strong, commanding, masculine looking. Pilar does not understand the mission correctly but she is disciplined and follows the republics orders
Who is Pablo, what is his significance?
Very smart, immediately understands that it is a bad mission but puts his own well-being above the mission
Who is Maria, what is her significance?
Soft, innocent, beautiful, “soft brained”, she is a symbol for Spain- nationalist assaulting Maria is like how fascism affects Spain, how Robert treats Maria is how the republic wants to save and protect Spain. represents the victims of fascism
Who is Anselmo?
Moral, good, never gets upset, committed to killing fascists but doesn’t want to
Why is Anselmo’s death significant?
Highlights how bad of a person Pablo is because he is the cause of Anselmo’s death
How does Robert Jordan reflect Hemingway’s beliefs?
Robert Jordan is not a communist but agrees with the discipline of the communist party like Hemingway
Why is chapter ten important?
It is Hemingway being afraid to be labeled as a communist or that the book is labeled communist propaganda so he writes this chapter 2 over correct so people don’t see him that way.
What is the significance of the Gaylord hotel?
It represents the corruption during the Spanish Civil War, Hemingway’s low opinion on people with office jobs who are networking, looks down upon the absence of danger and the heart of the republic, over represents Soviet involvement in SCW
What happens at the scene with El Sordo on the hill?
He agreed to go on a raid to steal horses and got caught because the snow shows their tracks
What is the thematic importance of the things Joaquin says when he is facing death?
At first he is talking about La pasionaria who is propaganda for the republic over broadcasts, he gets made fun of by the other soldiers for reciting what she says in the broadcasts, but as death approaches, he switches from propaganda to Catholic prayer and switches back to his real culture at the hour of his death
What are the obstacles Andre spaces when he goes to deliver the message? What do these symbolize?
His first obstacle is the anarchist, which show how undisciplined the republican army is, then he meets Gomez who takes him through the army to get to goals but they are held up by Andre Marty which shows the American volunteers perspective on Marty.
Why does Golz want to blow the bridge? What is the symbolism of him getting the letter too late?
Goals wants to blow the bridge to stop nationalist reinforcements from coming, he gets the letter just as the planes with soldiers are leaving which shows the story of the Republic which is every time they fall short
Why does Pablo kill the remaining living soldiers?
He kills them to take the horses which symbolize wealth and power represented in Spanish culture, he is fine with killing people for his own game
How did Robert Jordan die and how is it significant?
He dies by a horse falling on his leg breaks and he is left helpless for nationalist troops to kill him, he tells Maria that he is always going to be with her, and it is significant because it is the noble death Hemingway always wanted
Why is the mission bad?
They don’t know when the battle will start, it is during the day
when was plum liquidated
may of 1937
when did the war end
april 1, 1939
