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Aquaculture Engineering > FOR FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FOR FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Most commonly used in
the Philippines and
others countries. Used for extensive and
semi-intensive culture

A

Fishponds

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2
Q

is being practiced in areas with bodies

of waters, like dams, reservoir, river, lakes etc.

A

fish cage operation

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3
Q

Practiced in the different bodies of water that are shallow. Part of the natural body of water is enclosed by nets or fence-like wall resting on the bottom

A

fish pens

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4
Q

are enclosed
channel system with relatively
high rates of flowing water

A

raceways

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5
Q

is
being practiced and use of
pumps is not economically
recommended

A

High fish stocking density

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6
Q

Factors to be considered in site selection: WPGWAMAA

A 
water depth
protection from the wind
good water quality
water current
availability of quality fingerlings
market for cultured fish
availability of labor and inputs
accessibility & peace and order
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7
Q

are made
of nets, bamboo, wood, plastic
and steel.

They are constructed into
various shapes, such as
rectangular, square and
circular.

A

FISH CAGES

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8
Q

Type of Nets for Fish Cages: FPABP

A 
fine mesh net
pen net\
a-net, b-net
b/r nylon
polyethylene net
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9
Q

Floats used for Fish Cages: BSP

A

bamboo poles
styropore blocks
plastic or tin drums

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10
Q

Sinkers used for Fish Cages: cslp

A

concrete blocks
stones/boulders
lead sinkers
pipes

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11
Q

Fish Cage Designs: ffcrfb

A 
floating single cage
fish cage: one module per farmer
circular fish cage
rectangular fish cage
fish cage w/ floating shed
bangus fish cage w/ PVC framework
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12
Q

are constructed in bodies
of water with 3m water level
or lower.

A

fish pens

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13
Q

Major Components of Fish pens in lake: NMB

A

nursery
main enclosure
barrier

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14
Q

Constructed inside the

main enclosure

A

nursery

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15
Q 
Fingerlings were nursed
\_\_\_\_ days at the
nursery and then release
to the grow-out area for
the rest of the culture
period
A

30-60 days

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16
Q

Vertical poles for nursery are driven in the
lake bottom down to a depth of
about ___

A

2.5 m- 3.0 m

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17
Q

Lower horizontal brace of nursery is
connected to every vertical pole
at elevation ___ above mean
water level

A

1.0 m

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18
Q

Upper horizontal brace is installed
at elevation __ above mean
water level

A

2.5 m

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19
Q

is the area
where fish are cultured to
marketable size

A

main enclosure

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20
Q

is made up of
several layers of net depending on
the water depth

A

main enclosure

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21
Q 
are set to
protect the nursery
and grow-out
enclosure from floating
debris and forces of nature
A

barriers

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22
Q

It is usually set up _____ around the main
enclosure framework
of the grow-out fence

A

10-15 m

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23
Q

General Considerations (fish tanks)

A 
- Practiced in areas where cost of electrical
energy is cheap
- Limited area or cost of land is expensive
- Must have sufficient supply of water
- High stocking density
- Provision of aeration
- Skilled technician for water quality
monitoring
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24
Q

Uses of Fish Tanks (BNCHG)

A
  • Breeding
  • Nursing of fry and fingerlings
  • Conditioning of fry/fingerlings/broodstock
  • Holding fish
  • Growing of fish to marketable size
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25
Q

Materials used for fish tanks (CFMFC)

A 
Concrete
Fiber glass
Marine plywood
Ferrous cement
Canvas with wooden or steel frame
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26
Q

Shapes of

fish tanks

A

Circular tanks
Rectangular tanks
Square tanks

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27
Q

Sizes of fish Tanks

Dependent on following factors (cawdp)

A 
Capital investment
Available area
Water supply
Degree of intensification
Production target
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28
Q

The facility is use to hatch the eggs and
rear the fry up to D21.
The water depth (1.0M) simulate the
physical condition of the shoreline.
Stocking density of eggs ranges from 20 –
30 eggs/L.
Square or rectangular shape of tanks is
prepared for ease of management.
Roofed with plastic or galvanized iron.
Lightly painted preferably yellow for easy
visual monitoring of the larvae.

A

Larval rearing tanks

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29
Q

The tanks used to mass produce natural
food which is the zooplankton to be fed to
the larvae.
To provide the needed nutritional
requirements of the larvae, a ratio of 1:1
(larval:rotifer) by volume is practical and
1:2 (larval:rotifer) isideal.
The tank should be 1 M or deeper in depth.
Adequate provision for drainage to
facilitate harvest of the organism.
Roofed with plastic or galvanized iron.

A

rotifer tanks

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30
Q 
Raceways are unique compared to
other aquaculture production
systems
Employs high stocking density
The quantity of water flowing
through the system limits fish
yield
Stocks are feed dependent
A

RACEWAYS AND FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEM

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31
Q 
A Fish tank is said to be in flow-
through state if water is made to
enter and leave the tank
simultaneously at equal flow rates.
Important hydraulic
characteristics considered in flow-
through system are mean
residence time, the dead volume
and the variance
A

Flow-through system

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32
Q

utilize technical engineering knowledge and principles in

aquaculture and biological production systems.

A

aquaculture engineering

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33
Q

classification of aquaculture

A

Extensive
Semi-intensive
Intensive

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34
Q

production per unit volume is much higher
more technology and artificial inputs must
be used
-investment costs per unit volume farmed is
much higher
-maintenance of optimal growth conditions is
necessary to achieve the growth potential
of the species being farmed
-Additional feeding, disease control methods
and effective breeding systems also
characterize this type of farming.
-risk of disease outbreaks is higher than in
extensive farming because the organism is
continuously stressed for maximal
performance

A

intensive

35
Q

Classification of aquaculture according to the life

stage of the species produced on the farm

A

Eggs
Fry
Juvenile or ongrowing
Full production

36
Q

the fish are kept in a enclosed production unit

separated from the outside environment

A

Closed production units

37
Q

the unit has permeable walls, such as nets and
so the fish are partly affected by the
surrounding environment

A

open production units

38
Q

Classification of aquaculture based on the location of

the farm

A

Sea
Land
Tidal zone

39
Q

Land-based farms may be classified by the type

of water supply for the farm (gpt)

A

gravity-fed
pumped
tidal through-flow farms

40
Q 
the water source is at a
higher altitude than the
farm and the water can flow
by gravity from the source
to the farm
A

gravity-fed

41
Q

the source can be at an
equal or lower altitude
compared to the farm

A

pumped

42
Q

water supply and exchange

is achieved using the tide

A

Tidal through-flow farms

43
Q

Farms can also be classified by how the water

supplied to a farm is used

A

Flow-through farm

Water re-use or recirculating system

44
Q

technical components in a system (PWA)

A

Production units
Water transfer and treatment
Additional
equipment

(feeding, handling
and monitoring
equipment)

45
Q

The ___ necessary and their size and
design will depend on the species being grown. In
the hatchery there will either be tanks with
upwelling water (fluidized eggs) or units where
the eggs lie on the bottom or on a substrate.
After hatching the fish are moved to some type of
production tank. Usually there are smaller tanks
for weaning and larger tanks for further on-
growing until sale. Weaning start feeding tanks
are normally under a roof, while on-growing tanks
can also be outside.

A

production units

46
Q

Some type of feeding equipment is commonly
used, especially for dry feed. Use of
______ will reduce the manual work
on the farm. Feeding at intervals throughout
the day and night may also be possible; the
fish will then always have access to food,
which is important at the fry and juvenile
stages.

A

automatic feeders

47
Q

Because of fish growth it is necessary to divide
the group to avoid fish densities becoming too
high. It is also common to size grade to avoid
large size variations in one production unit; for
some species this will also reduce the
possibilities for______.

A

cannibalism

48
Q

In land-based fish farms, especially those
dependent upon pumps, a __________ is
essential because of the economic consequences
if pumping stops and the water supply to the
farm is interrupted.

A

monitoring system

49
Q

Sea cages vary greatly in construction and size;
the major difference is ___________, and special cages for offshore farming
have been developed.

A

the ability to withstand

waves

50
Q

can include storage rooms,
mess rooms, changing rooms and toilet, and
equipment for treatment of dead fish.

A

base station

51
Q

includes rooms and/or space for storage of
feed; it may also include rooms for storage of
nets and possibly storage of equipment for
washing, maintaining and impregnating them.

A

storage room

52
Q

All aquaculture facilities require a supply of water. It is important to have a reliable, good-
quality water source and equipment to transfer water to and within the facility. The volume of

water needed depends on the facility size, the species and the production system.

A

water transport

53
Q

PP

A

Polypropylene Pipe

54
Q

ABS

A

acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene

55
Q

PVDF

A

polyvinyl difluoride

56
Q

Pipes may carry large amounts of water at high velocities. This generates large forces that may
cause movements of the pipe. In the worst case this can damage the pipeline. For this reason a
correct mooring system for the pipeline is of great importance.

A

mooring of pipes

57
Q

is determined by
experiment, some actual values being about 0.015
for concrete-lined channels and 0.013 for
plastic, while unlined channels made of straight
and uniform earth have a value of 0.023 and those
made of rock 0.025.

A

manning coefficient

58
Q

All transport of water through a pipe or a channel between
two points results in an energy loss. This is
caused by friction between the water molecules and the
surroundings.

A

head loss

59
Q

is the absolute viscosity divided by

the density of the liquid;

A

kinematic viscosity

60
Q

are mechanical devices that add energy to fluids by transforming mechanical energy (normally
from electric motors) to potential and/or kinetic energy of the fluid. Increase in potential
energy is illustrated by the lifting of water to an elevated tank, while the increase in velocity
and hence the flow rate through a pipeline by pumping increases the kinetic energy of the water.

A

pumps

61
Q

A major pump type is the ________ in which liquid is

displaced from one area to another.

A

displacement pump

62
Q

is based on another principle. Here a part flow
under high pressure is used to draw a main stream with much higher
water flow but lower pressure.

A

ejector pump

63
Q

air is supplied inside an open pipe standing

partly below the surface and partly filled with water.

A

air-;ift pumps

64
Q

is based on another principle; among other

uses, such pumps are employed for sludge.

A

screw pump

65
Q

For aquaculture facilities there is a need to pump a large amount
of water with a relatively small lifting height. ______________ are the most suitable and most commonly used.

A

Centrifugal pumps

or propeller pumps

66
Q

consists of a pump chamber with an

impeller, a transfer shaft and an electric motor.

A

dry-placed pump

67
Q

the motor and the pump chamber are
usually built together and encapsulated in one unit
which is lowered into the water.

A

submerged pump

68
Q

Removal of particles from a water flow

A

water treatment or water purification.

69
Q

also called

straining or micro screens;

A

mechanical filtration

70
Q

also called sand filtration

or just filtration;

A

depth filtration

71
Q

are utilized to separate the particles and collect them at one point in the tank where a
particle outlet is placed and a small amount of water can be withdrawn to flush the particles out,
while the main water flow can be withdrawn elsewhere, normally higher up in the water mass.

A

dual drain system gravitational forces

72
Q

is
used as the first step to remove the larger
particles.

A

microscreen

73
Q

chemical agents

A

(chlorine and its compounds, bromine,
iodine, ozone, phenol and phenolic compounds,
alcohols, heavy metals and related compounds, soaps
and synthetic detergents, quaternary ammonium
compounds, hydrogen peroxide and various alkalis and
acids)

74
Q

physical agents

A

(heating and the use of sunlight,

especially the ultraviolet (UV) end of the spectrum)

75
Q

mechanical agents

A

(particle separation which will
also reduced the number of micro-organisms because
many are attached to particles)

76
Q

radiation

A

(electromagnetic, acoustic and particle)

77
Q

is normally used to heat water for use in fish farming. The system
comprises several components that all have some heating effect on the inlet water.

A

composite heating system

78
Q

commonly used as subsurface aerators.

A

diffusers

79
Q

are commonly use in ponds, but may
also be used in large tanks, in distribution basins
and in sea cages under special conditions.

A

surface aerators

80
Q

oxygen gas comes from the
source and is injected or
mixed into the water.

A

injection system

81
Q 
In a specially
designed adsorption
unit it is possible
to remove the
nitrogen and some of
the other gases from
the air, leaving
mainly oxygen.
A

pressure swing

adsorption (PSA).

82
Q

is a type of granular filter, which is
commonly filled with spherical plastic pellets
(polyethylene (PE)/or polypropylene (PP)) with slightly
positive buoyancy.

A

bead filter

83
Q

utilize the fact that different ions

have different electrical charges.

A

ion exchangers

Aquaculture Engineering (4 decks)

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