For 16/9 ER

Question 1

Ultrasound

Answer 1

• Inaudible high-frequency sound waves used to show image of foetus.
• Throughout pregnancy.
• Confirms pregnancy, number, abnormalities, gender, anatomy, defects, foetus position.
• Cannot diagnose all abnormalities.

Question 2

Amniocentesis

Answer 2

• A needle is inserted trhough abs into amnion cavity to collect amniotic fluid. Cells then analysed.
• 16-20 weeks of pregnancy.
• Cells seen for biochemical, chromosome, and chromosome number defects.
• Risk of infection, miscarriage, or damage to baby.

Question 3

CVS (Chorionic Villus Sampling)

Answer 3

• Obtains specimen of foetal cells from chorion.
• 9-19 weeks of pregnancy.
• Cells seen for biochemical, chromosome, and chromosome number defects.
• 2% chance of miscarriage and cannot detect spina bifida.

Question 4

Maternal Blood Test

Answer 4

• Screening test used to identify if there is a high chance of baby having disorder.
• From 10 weeks of gestation.
• Screening for chromosome mutation (down, Edward’s, Turner, Patau syndromes).
• Cannot fully determine if child has disorder.

Question 5

Electrocardiography

Answer 5

• Procedure done to record electrical changes of the heart.
• During labour and birth.
• Used to detect if baby is undergoing stress.
• May not pick up arrhythmia.

Question 6

Fetoscope

Answer 6

• Stethoscope; used to listen to foetus heartbeat. Scope looks directly at foetus through a telescope-like instrument.
• 18-22 weeks of preg.
• Examines appearance of foetus, defects, abnormalities.
• Risky and difficult, only done if an indication of abnormalities has been done.

Question 7

Foetal Blood Sampling

Answer 7

• Blood taken from umbilical cord or foetal blood vessel.
• 18 weeks pregnancy and up.
• Diagnoses chromosomal abnormalities, anaemia, oxygenation, infections to medications.
• 1-2% chance of miscarriage, infection risk, and premature amniotic sac rupture.

Question 8

Biochemical Analysis

Answer 8

• Assessment of marker proteins in the blood.
• 11-14 weeks preg.
• Used to diagnose PKU or spina bifida.

Question 9

DNA Probe

Answer 9

• Based on recombinant DNA tech. If gene is normal probe will join up and show the normal gene. If gene is abnormal, probe will not show up.
• Used to detect genetic diseases such as DMD, and thalassemia.