FoPC 2 - Notes Flashcards
What is the definition of Incidence?
The number of new cases per year
What is the definition of prevalence?
The number of existing cases
What is the definition of Pathophysiology?
the pathological basis of the underlying disease process
What is the definition of Clinical Disease?
when the pathophysiological process leads to a specific clinical consequence
What is the definition of an Illness Episode?
The time between the onset and offset periods
What is the definition of Response?
A pattern of decrease in symptoms and/or signs of illness indicative of a decrease in severity of the underlying pathological process
What is the definition of Recovery?
A sustained period of health that follows an episode of illness when signs / symptoms of illness are no longer present or are regarded as insufficient to warrant further investigation or a change in treatment
What is the definition of Remission?
A period following an episode of illness of insufficient duration to warrant the term “recovery” when signs / symptoms of illness have lessened in intensity and remain insufficient to warrant further investigation or a change of treatment
What is the definition of Relapse?
The reinstatement of signs or symptoms following an episode of illness
What is the definition of Recurrence?
The reinstatement of a new episode of illness following an abatement of signs or symptoms of sufficient duration to warrant the term “recovery”
What is the definition of Body / Structure Impairment?
any disturbance in body structures, or organ or system function which are present at birth or arise from disease or injury
What is the definition of Activity Limitation (Disability)?
This is the restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range which would be considered normal
What is the definition of Participation Restriction?
The social disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or activity limitation that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual
What is the WHO definition of Health?
Health is a state of complete physical mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the aetiology of chronic diseases?
This is usually the end results of a long term complex interaction of factors (genetic factors, environmental factors, both or neither)
What is the definition of Vulnerability?
An individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis
What is the impact of Chronic Disease, on the Individual?
- Negative denial
- Positive-denial
- Self-pity
- Apathy
What is the impact of Chronic Disease, on the Family?
- Financial
- Emotional
- Other family members become ill as a result
What is the impact of Chronic Disease, on the Community / Society?
Isolation of an individual
What are the 3 forms of problem solving / clinical reasoning?
- Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning
- Pattern recognition
What is meant by Hypothetico-deductive reasoning, in a GP setting?
- You receive information from a patient that you interpret and from which you come to multiple hypotheses
- You test your hypotheses and from results make decisions over diagnoses and management
Note - Some causes (or peices of information) are more probable (valuble) than others it is therefore efficient to bear the common causes (important peices) uppermost in our minds
Is Hypothetico-deductive reasoning used by inexperienced clinicians (or medical students)?
No, It takes quite a lot of experience to be able to use the hypotheticodeductive model safely and effectively
What is meant by Inductive reasoning, in a GP setting?
- You are presented with symptoms and have no idea what is wrong
- You use a comprehensive inductive model to think systematically about what could be wrong
Who normally uses Inductive reasoning?
- Medical students
- Inexperienced practitioners
- Experienced practitioners as a fall back if Hypothetico-deductive reasoning fails
