Foot Muscles (Quiz/Exam 3)

Question 1

What are the 3 muscles in the 1st layer of the foot?

Answer 1

1) abductor hallucis
2) flexor digitorum brevis
3) abductor digiti minimi

Question 2

What are the origins/proximal attachments for the abductor hallucis?

Answer 2

-medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
-flexor retinaculum
-plantar aponeurosis

Question 3

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the abductor hallucis?

Answer 3

medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit

Question 4

What innervates the abductor hallucis?

Answer 4

medial plantar n.

Question 5

What are the actions of the abductor hallucis?

Answer 5

abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe)

Question 6

What are the origins/proximal attachments for the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 6

-medial and lateral tubercle of tuberosity of the calcaneus
-plantar aponeurosis
-intermuscular septa

Question 7

What is the insertion/distal attachment of the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 7

both sides of the middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Question 8

What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 8

medial plantar n.

Question 9

What is the action of the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 9

flexes lateral 4 digits

Question 10

What are the origins/proximal attachments for the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 10

-lateral tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
-plantar aponeurosis
-intermuscular septa

Question 11

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 11

lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

Question 12

What innervates the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 12

lateral plantar n.

Question 13

What are the actions of the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 13

abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)

Question 14

What are the 2 muscles in the 2nd layer of the foot?

Answer 14

1) quadratus plantae
2) lumbricals

Question 15

What is the origin/proximal attachment for the quadratus plantae?

Answer 15

medial surface and lateral margin of the plantar surface of the calcaneus

Question 16

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the quadratus plantae?

Answer 16

posterolateral margin of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Question 17

What innervates the quadratus plantae?

Answer 17

lateral plantar n.

Question 18

What are the actions of the quadratus plantae?

Answer 18

assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits (toes)

Question 19

What is the origin/proximal attachment for the lumbricals?

Answer 19

tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

Question 20

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the lumbricals?

Answer 20

medial aspect of the expansion over lateral 4 digits

Question 21

What innervates the lumbricals?

Answer 21

medial 1= medial plantar n.

lateral 3= lateral plantar n.

Question 22

What are the actions of the lumbricals?

Answer 22

-flex proximal phalanges
-extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits (toes)

Question 23

What are the 3 muscles in the 3rd layer of the foot?

Answer 23

1) flexor hallucis brevis
2) adductor hallucis
3) flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 24

What is the origin/proximal attachment for the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 24

plantar surfaces of the cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Question 25

What is the insertion/distal attachment of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 25

BOTH sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit

Question 26

What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 26

medial plantar n.

Question 27

What is the action of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 27

flexes proximal phalanx of the 1st digit

Question 28

What is the origin/proximal attachment for the oblique head of the adductor hallucis?

Answer 28

bases of metatarsals 2-4

Question 29

What is the origin/proximal attachment for the transverse head of the adductor hallucis?

Answer 29

plantar ligaments of the MTP joints

Question 30

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the adductor hallucis?

Answer 30

tendons of both heads (oblique + transverse) attach to lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Question 31

What innervates the adductor hallucis?

Answer 31

deep lateral plantar n.

Question 32

What are the actions of the adductor hallucis?

Answer 32

-adduct 1st digit -assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially

Question 33

What is the origin/proximal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 33

base of 5th metatarsal

Question 34

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 34

base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

Question 35

What innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 35

superficial lateral plantar n.

Question 36

What are the actions of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 36

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

Question 37

What is another name for flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 37

flexor digiti minimi

Question 38

What are the 2 muscles of the 4th layer of the foot?

Answer 38

1) plantar interossei (3 muscles) 2) dorsal interossei (4 muscles)

Question 39

What are the origins/proximal attachments for the plantar interossei muscles?

Answer 39

bases and medial sides of the metatarsals 3-5

Question 40

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the plantar interossei?

Answer 40

medial sides of the bases of the phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Question 41

What innervates the plantar interossei muscles?

Answer 41

lateral plantar n.

Question 42

What are the actions of the plantar interossei muscles?

Answer 42

adduct digits 2-4 and flex MTP joints PAD= plantar adducts

Question 43

What are the origins/proximal attachments for the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 43

adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

Question 44

What are the insertions/distal attachments for the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 44

1st= medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit 2nd-4th= lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

Question 45

What innervates the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 45

lateral plantar n.

Question 46

What are the actions of the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 46

abduct digits 2-4 and flex MTP joints DAB= dorsals abduct

Question 47

What are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot, or 5th layer of the foot?

Answer 47

1) extensor digitorum brevis 2) extensor hallucis brevis

Question 48

What are the origins/proximal attachments for the extensor digitorum brevis AND extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 48

-calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus) -interosseous talocalcaneal ligament -stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

Question 49

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 49

long flexor tendons of 4 medial toes (digits 2-5)

Question 50

What innervates the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 50

deep fibular n.

Question 51

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 51

aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the 4 medial toes at the MTP and IP joints

Question 52

What is the insertion/distal attachment for the extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 52

dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Question 53

What innervates the extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 53

deep fibular n.

Question 54

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 54

aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the MTP joint