Foot Deformities Flashcards
What is a common cause of achilles tendonopathy?
Seronegative arthritis’
What are the 2 types of seronegative arthritis that may cause achilles tendinopathy?
Ankylosing
Psoriatic
What metabolic state may cause achilles tendinopathy?
Hypercholesterolaemia
How does hypercholesterolaemia lead to achilles tendonipathy?
Xanthomata
What drug may cause hypercholesterolaemia?
Fluoroquinolone
What test may be done for suspected achilles tendinopathy?
Simmonds test
What is simmonds test?
No plantar flexion occurs when the foot hangs of the end of the bed
What is simmonds triad and what is it used to detect?
- No response to calf squeeze test
- Ankle dorsiflexed when hanging off bed
- Gap in the achilles tendon
Used to detect achilles tendon rupture
What imaging can be used if suspected rupture?
USS
What is the treatment of achilles tendon rupture?
Restriction
What is hallux valgus?
Big toe deviated laterally
What are the causes of hallux valgus?
Genetic
Footwear
Who is most at risk of hallux valgus?
Women
What are the symptoms of hallux valgus?
Pressure symptoms
Pain
Bunions
Metatarsalgia
What is metatarsalgia?
Pain across the forefoot (metatarsal heads)
What causes toe pain in hallux valgus?
Crossed over toes
What investigation should be done for suspected hallux valgus?
X ray
What might be shown on x ray of hallux valgus?
Callus formation
Angle of toe bones
What is the conservative treatment of hallux valgus?
Shoe modification
Activity modification
What shoe modification exists?
Insoles
Change shoes entirely
What is the pharma treatment?
Analgesia/NSAIDs
What surgical treatment exists?
Lateral tissue relief that cause the deformity
Osteotomy
What is a complication of hallux valgus?
Hallux rigiditis
What is hallux rigiditis?
OA of the 1st MTP joint leading to hallux limitus
What does hallux limitus mean?
Hallux non extensus
What are the x ray findings of hallux rigitidis?
Same as OA
What is the management of hallux rigiditis?
Shoe modification
Analgesia
What surgery is there for hallux rigiditis?
Cheilectomy
Arthrodesis
Arthroplasty
What is arthroplasty?
Excision of the proximal phalange
What is cheilectomy?
Removal of osteophyte
What is charcot’s arthropathy?
Progressive disease of weight bearing joints
What happens to the bone in charcot’s arthropathy?
Destruction of bone + soft tissue leading to dislocation and fractures
What is club foot caused by?
Breech presentation
Genetic
What is the joint position in club foot?
Inversion of sub talar
Adduction of talonavicular
Equinus of the ankle joint
What is equinus of the ankle joint?
Plantar flexion
