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PHAR154 > Foot Care > Flashcards

Foot Care Flashcards

1
Q

What are calluses?

A

localized area of thickened skin

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2
Q

What causes calluses?

A

weight-bearing on friction points

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3
Q

What can be done to treat calluses, if anything?

A

new footwear
pumice stone
callus remover
protective material

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4
Q

If a guy has bad scaling and even bleeding around his heels, what can be applied to the heels as some protection?

A

liquid bandage

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5
Q

How do the pliable disk versions of callus removers work?

A

contains a medicated disk with 40% salicylic acid (keratolytic) and a cushion to cover and protect the disks

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6
Q

How do liquid versions of callus removers work?

A

comes as 15% liquid salicylic acid, apply to callus, let SA (~10s), and then cover with cushion
-the cusions probably arent large enough for calluses
-more so for corns

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7
Q

What are corns and what causes them?

A

hyper-keratotic growth
reaction to local friction/trauma over a joint
body saying we need protection

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8
Q

What is the difference between soft corns and hard corns?

A

hard corns: develop on top of toes
soft corns: develop between toes or on the side of toes

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9
Q

What is the treatment for corns?

A

remove cause (best move)
protective material (pick spots, cut to desired size)
Scholl corn cushions (foam only)
salicylic acid preps
-cushion+pliable disks 40% sa
-cushion+15% liquid sa

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10
Q

What are the directions of use for the cushion+pliable disks 40% salicylic acid for corns?

A

soak hard corns first (~5mins)
OD-Q2d
treatment period ~6 days

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11
Q

What is the downside of the disk salicylic acid preps?

A

they are one size fits all so healthy skin will get hit by the salicylic acid

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12
Q

What are the directions for use of 15% liquid salicylic acid+cushion for corns?

A

soak hard corns first (~5 mins)
apply to corn, cover with cushion
OD-BID
treatment period ~6 days

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13
Q

What is a must when treating soft corns?

A

covering with a band aid or cushion to prevent salicylic acid from hitting healthy skin

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14
Q

What are bunions?

A

swelling of joint via deviation of big toe

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15
Q

What are the causes of bunions?

A

structural defect (heredity)
exacerbated by shoes

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16
Q

What are the treatments for bunions?

A

orthotic devices/species shoes (podiatric care)
bunion protective pads (JT doesnt recommend)
-cushion, NO disks
-more pressure when wearing a shoe
Scholl ToeFlex
surgery

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17
Q

What is the cause of ingrown toenails?

A

jagged edges of nail starts digging into pulp of foot

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18
Q

What is the treatment for ingrown toenails?

A

file off the edge of the nail=best
benzocaine 20% (probably wont penetrate and nail tag is still there)
Scholl Toenail Softening (edge is still present)
foam cap (low value)

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19
Q

When a patient is asking how to file the edge of an ingrown toenail, when should you consider referring them to nursing or medical care to get it done?

A

base it on if you think the patient is capable of doing it themselves

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20
Q

True or false: an Epsom salt foot soak will drain an infected ingrown toenail

A

false

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21
Q

What is bromidrosis?

A

unpleasant smell via bacterial breakdown of sweat

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22
Q

What is the treatment for smelly feet?

A

looser fitting shoes
wash feet (more often than currently done)
socks (cotton>synthetic, change more often)
foot powders and sprays

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23
Q

What is the idea behind diabetic socks?

A

they contain silver which has some antibacterial properties

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24
Q

What is the cause of warts?

A

human papilloma virus

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25
Q

How are hand warts transmitted?

A

skin to skin
self-inoculation

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26
Q

True or false: 25% of hand warts spontaneously regress

A

true
but this could mean 1 year, treat them, dont wait

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27
Q

What are the symptoms of hand warts?

A

ranges from being a cosmetic nuisance up to being painful

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28
Q

What are the directions for use of Duofilm liquid (sa + lactic acid) for hand warts?

A

soak first
rub off dead skin
apply drops
OD x 8-12 weeks (Compound W is 8 weeks)
apply Vaseline at base to protect healthy skin

29
Q

Which formulation of salicylic acid prep should you choose for warts?

A

gel rather than liquid
-liquid can dry out faster, even when the bottle is closed

30
Q

What is critical with wart treatment?

A

killing the root

31
Q

What happens if you dont kill the root of a wart?

A

the wart can come back

32
Q

Does treating beyond the area of a wart actually widen the wart?

A

it potentially can
apply only to the wart

33
Q

What is the issue with Duofilm patch (salicylic acid patch) in wart treatment?

A

its one size fits all thus you will hit healthy skin
also takes several months of treatment

34
Q

What are the directions for use of OTC freezing products for warts?

A
  1. stick foam device into clasp
  2. press the foam+clasp down into the container for 2-3s
  3. apply to skin for 20s
35
Q

How long does one activation of an OTC freezing product last on your HAND before you must re-load the device?

A

20s

36
Q

What is the duration of therapy for OTC freezing products for hand warts?

A

every 2-3 weeks with about 4 repeats

37
Q

What is the verdict on the use of duct tape for hand warts?

A

probably works (irritant + macerating)
daily use x 2 months
cut to fit

38
Q

What are some oral therapies that are showing some evidence for warts?

A

zinc (~600mg which is not OTC)
cimetidine

39
Q

What are the therapies you can recommend for hand warts for kids?

A

salicylic acid
OTC cryotherapy
let the parent decide

40
Q

When do we refer kids for warts?

A

on face
multiple lesions

41
Q

What is a condition that looks like warts seen in kids?

A

molluscum
-viral
-usually painless
-spread by direct contact
-10 to 20 lesions

42
Q

What is the treatment for molluscum?

A

cryotherapy
curettage
lasers

43
Q

What are juvenile warts?

A

in kids, generally on face
smaller and smoother than other warts
best treated by MD

44
Q

What is a classic but small detail with plantar warts?

A

tiny black dots on the wart
-dead vessels

45
Q

True or false: we care about treating the core of a corn, we dont care about treating the core of a plantar wart

A

false
both have cores but we only care about the core of plantar warts

46
Q

Lets say someone came in with what you believe to have been a plantar wart and you recommended a salicylic acid prep. Later you discover it was actually a corn. How serious is this mistake?

A

not serious, assuming you recommended a salicylic acid prep
treatment is the same, they just differ in duration

47
Q

If using the Scholl Wart Remover (40% sa), how long is treatment for warts? What about corns?

A

warts: 12 weeks
corns: 2 weeks

48
Q

How long do you need to apply OTC cryotherapy products to plantar warts (one treatment, not total duration of therapy)?

A

40s
-may need to re-charge device

49
Q

What is critical that you must do before performing cryotherapy to a plantar wart?

A

soak your foot

50
Q

How cold are the OTC cryotherapy products compared to liquid nitrogen?

A

OTC cryo: -70 C
liquid nitrogen: -190 C

51
Q

What is the Dr Scholls Dual Action wart remover? What are the directions for use?

A

comes with cryo and sa
freeze area, then apply salicylic acid OD x14 days
repeat x 4 cycles

52
Q

What are the directions for use of salicylic acid liquid/paste/gels for plantar warts?

A

OD to Q2d x 12 weeks
-gel lasts longer

53
Q

Do we want to use salicylic acid products in a band-aid (one size fits all) for plantar warts?

A

no
gonna hit healthy skin with sa

54
Q

What is a prescription product for plantar warts?

A

Canthacur products (cantharidin)
-via blister beedle

55
Q

What are the directions of use for cantharidin for plantar warts?

A

use Q-tip or applicator stick to apply to wart and 1-3mm around wart
allow to dry
secure with non-porous adhesive plastic tape
leave in place for 1 week then debride
three or more treatments may be required for large lesions

56
Q

Can you use H2O2 followed by Vicks VapoRub on a plantar wart?

A

has been shown to work
H2O2 is antiseptic and probably doing nothing, Vicks will be a irritant to the wart
apply OD x 14 days (be sure to cover)

57
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

pain on bottom of the foot running from the heel bone all the way to the front of the foot
rips and tears that lead to inflammation

58
Q

When does plantar fasciitis hurt the most?

A

in the morning
-rips and tears healed overnight and then they rip when you
get out of bed in the morning

59
Q

Would you recommend a plantar fasciitis sleeve or physio to someone suffering from plantar fasciitis?

A

physio
-far more faith in stretches than sleeve

60
Q

What is the Strassburg sock designed to do?

A

designed to make the healing position be in a stretched position overnight
-for plantar fasciitis
-prevents the morning tear and rip

61
Q

Are NSAIDs a good therapy for plantar fasciitis?

A

highly unlikely (this includes Voltaren)
plantar fasciitis does not result from inflammation, it results from repetitive microtears

62
Q

What do 50% of people with plantar fasciitis develop?

A

heel spur (bone spur dead on in heel)

63
Q

What are some remedies that a podiatrist might recommend for someone with a heel spur?

A

shoe inserts
stretching
icing the arch
sound waves
night splints

64
Q

What is the average time to heal for heel spurs?

A

9 months

65
Q

True or false: a pharmacist can differentiate between plantar fasciitis and a heel spur

A

false

66
Q

What is a medical condition that we never self-medicate for corns or warts?

A

diabetes

67
Q

What is a medical condition that you should ask about when presented with a foot case?

A

“are you diabetic?” or “is your son/daughter diabetic?”

68
Q

What are skin tags and where are they commonly found?

A

soft, easily movable tissue
similar in colour to surrounding skin
neck, under arm, under breast

69
Q

What is the treatment for skin tags?

A

cryotherapy with a different tip
max 2 applications per lesion

PHAR154 (18 decks)

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