Foot/Ankle Flashcards by Marco DiFederico

What % of the pop has foot probs

80%

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What mvmt does the tibiofibular jt allow for

small spread of 1-2mm to allow dorsiflexion

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how much weight of the body does the fibula hold

17% (more when dorsiflexed)

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What mvmt does the talocrural jt allow for

very mobile in PF

stable in DF

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What ligs support the medial talocrural jt and what do they resistq

deltoid ligament- resist talar abduction, lat translation + lat rotation

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What ligs support the lateral talocrural jt and what do they resist

ATFL- mc strained in plantar flex

CFL- neutral foot for strain

PTFL- resists df, adduction and medial translation of talus

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When is the subtler jt in closed packed pos

sup

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what are the 4 sets on jts in the midfoot

Tarsometatarsal
Intermetatarsal
Metatarsophalangeak
Interphalangeal

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How does supination occur in the foot

inversion rot of calcareous/hindfoot, forfoot adduction and inward rot of tarsometatarsal jt

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How does pronation occur in the foot

Evenersion rot of calcareous, forfoot abduction, outward rot of tarsometatarsal jt

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What is the normal fick angle

12-18

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What is the haggling deformity

calcification on calcareous

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What is bunionettes bunion

prominence of lat aspect of the 5th toe metatarsal head

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What is claw toes and why does it occur

hypertext of the MTP jt and flex of PIP and DIPS

-caused by defective lumbricles and interosseous mm

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What is crossover toe and why does it occur

medial deviation in 2nd/3rd toes

-weakening of lat collateral lig MTP jt and insufiencency of plantar plate

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what is curly toe and what is it due to

Flexion of both PIP and DIPs with MTP jt neutral

due to contracture of FDB and FDL tendons

What is equines deformity and what is it due to

limited DF of talocrural jt

from contracture of gastric, soles, Achilles

(leads to excessive pronation at subtler jt)

What it the pathogenesis of exostosis and mc loc

increased bone mass @ site of irrative lesion due to overuse

mc- dorsal TMT jt and head of 5th , calcaneous

What is hallux rigidus and what is it due to

DF of great toe limited by OA of MTP jt

What is hammer toe and what is it due to

extension contracture @ MTP jt and flexion contracture at PIP

-interosseus mm lose there flexion effect on prox phalanx

What is mallet toe

flexion deformity of DIP on any of the lateral 4 toes

What is metatarsus adductus- who is it common in, how to resolve

mc foot dev in kids
-foot appears adducted and sup

-85-90% resolve spontaneously

what is mortons foot

2nd toe longer than the first

What is mortons metatarsalgia and what is it due to

Formation of interdigital neuroma due to injury to an interdigital nerve (typically bw 3-4th toes)

*pain bw bones)

What is plantar flexed first ray- congenital and aquired cause

big toe lies lower than other 4 congenital- caves foot acquired- compensation for tibia varum

What is rocker bottom foot and how is it dx

foorfoot is dorsiflexed in the hind foot | -med/lat arches absent

what is turf toe and what is it due to

Hyperextension injury combined with compressive loading to the MTP jt of hallux

Grade I, II, III lat ankle sprain- what is affected + recovery times

I- mild stretch usually ATFL, recovery 8 days II- complete tear ATFL or partial ATFL+CFL, 20 days III- Complete tear ATFL, ant capsul, CFL, 40 days

Anterolat ankle impingement clinical prediction rules

5/6 - antlat ankle jt tenderness - antlat ankle jt swelling - pain on forced dorsiflex - pain on affected side w single leg squat - pain w activities - abscence of ankle instability

Syndesmosis injuries- mc spot and tests

mc medially - look for pain at the syndesmosis that may extend prox - inability to bear weight - may or may not have swelling - MRI best for imaging - EXT rot test/ squeeze test/ heal thump test

What will indvs with achilles tendon tear have at rest

more dorsiflexed w in prone pos

What is associated with achilles tendon tears

high % of ruptures show signs of tendinopathy

typical presentation of plantar fascitis

- heal pain in AM or after not moving - pain to palpation of plantar calcanea region - pain w dorsiflexion

mc sites of deep peroneal nerve entrapment and what does it cause

sup/inf extensor retinaculum | -loss of dorsiflexion

when is the superficial peroneal nerve affected

typically from inversion sprain

What does the tibial n supply and if compressed @ tarsal tunnel/ knee what occurs

supplies entire post leg and plantar foot tarsal tunnel- pain over medial ankle knee- lose PF, inversion, toe flex, ad/ab

Which nerve causes pain along the longitudinal arch

medial plantar nerve

What does lateral plantar nerve injury cause

chronic, dull, aching heal pain accentuated by walking/running but no numbness