Foot & Ankle

Question 1

What reinforces the capsule?

Answer 1

Medially, deltoid ligament - laterally, anterior talofibular ligament - posteriorly, talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament

Question 2

What is the deltoid ligament?

Answer 2

3 parts - tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular parts

Question 3

Origin and insertion -

Talofibular ligament

Answer 3

Origin: Posterior portion of distal lateral malleolus
Insertion: posterior aspect of talus

Question 4

Origin and insertion -

Calcaneofibular ligament

Answer 4

Origin: distal tip of lateral malleolus
Insertion: lateral aspect of calcaneus

Question 5

Origin and insertion -

Calcaneocuboid ligament

Answer 5

Origin: Lateral aspect of anterior calcaneus
Insertion: lateral side of cuboid

Question 6

What is the inferior tibia-fibular joint?

Answer 6

Fibrous, syndesmoses - held by fibrous ligaments only

Question 7

What is the ankle joint?

Answer 7

Talocrural - synovial, hinge - only

Allows movement in Sagittal plane

Question 8

What makes the ankle mortise?

What fits in this mortise?

Answer 8

Medial and lateral malleolus

Inferior tibia & talus

Question 9

What is the ankles close pact position?

Answer 9

Dorsiflexion

Question 10

What is the talk-crustal joint capsule?

Answer 10

Mainly surrounds joint anteriorly and posteriorly, attaches around articular margins of tibia, both malleoli and talus

Question 11

Subtalar joint articulation? Classification?
Movements?
Other parts?

Answer 11

Between inferior aspect of post talus and superior aspect of post calcaneus - synovial, multi axial joint
Inversion, reversion
Lat talocalcaneal, interosseous ligament, cervical ligament, medial talocalcaneal ligament

Question 12

Talocalcaneonavicular joint articulation?
Classification?
Other parts?

Answer 12

Between ant aspect talus and post aspect navicular - superior facets in ant part of calcaneus and sustemtacum tali
Synovial, spheroidal
Talonaviculaf ligament, plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 13

Calcaneocuboid joint articulation?
Classification?
Other parts?

Answer 13

Between ant aspect of calcaneus and post aspect of cuboid
Synovial, sellar
Calcaneocuboid ligament and short plantar ligament

Question 14

How many bones per foot?
How many metatarsals per foot?
How many phalanges per foot?

Answer 14

26 bones
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges - 5 x promixal, 4x intermediate, 5x distal

Question 15

Limiting factors to plantar flexion?

Answer 15

Elastic end feel - tight anterior capsule & ATF - tight dorsiflexor and toe extensor muscles

Question 16

Limiting factors to dorsiflexion?

Answer 16

Elastic end feel - tight post capsule and PTFL - passive insufficiency in gastrocnemius - tight plantar flexors and tie flexors

Question 17

Limiting factors to inversion?

Answer 17

Elastic end feel - tight lat capsule and ATFL, calcaneofibular and calcaneocublid ligaments - tight evertor muscles

Question 18

What is eversion?

Answer 18

Elastic end feel - tight medial capsule, deltoid ligament & invertor muscles

Question 19

Foot muscles - 
Layer 1? 
Layer 2? 
Layer 3? 
Layer 4?

Answer 19

1) Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum Brevis, abductor digiti minimi
2) flexor digitorum accessorius, lumbricals
3) flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
4) dorsal interossei, plantar interossei

Question 20

What muscles dorsiflex?

Answer 20

Tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

Question 21

What muscles plantarflex?

Answer 21

Gastrocnemius, someus, plantaris, peroneus longus&brevis, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 22

What muscles invert?

What muscles evert?

Answer 22

Tibialis posterior & anterior

Peroneus tertius, longus & brevis