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Netter's Orthopaedics > Foot/Ankle > Flashcards

Foot/Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Foot bone at risk of AVN and why?

A

Talus, retrograde blood supply

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2
Q

Which tendon passes through groove on cuboid bone?

A

Peroneus longus

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3
Q

Which muscle inserts on the tuberosity of naviular

A

Posterior tibialis

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4
Q

Which muscle inserts on base of 5th MT?

A

Peroneus brevis

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5
Q

Contents of tarsal tunnel?

A 
Within medial malleolus
Tibialis posterior
FDH
Posterior tibial A, V, N
FHL
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6
Q

2nd MT aligns with which bone?

A

medial cuneiform

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7
Q

Weber/AO classification

A

Ankle fx (fibula) based on relation to plafond
A: distal to plafond (tibial plane)
B: at plafond
C: proximal to plafond (torn syndesmosis common)

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8
Q

Lange-Hansen classification

A 
Ankle fx based on foot position and mechanism
SA: supination/adduction I-II
SER: supination/ER I-IV
PER: pronation/ER I-IV
PA: pronation/abduction I-III
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9
Q

Essex-Lopresti fx

A

Fx of calcaneus

Either tongue-type or joint depression

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10
Q

Sanders fx

A

Calcaneus based on coronal CT findings
I-IV: how many fragments/fracture lines
A-C: lateral to medial

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11
Q

Rule out with ankle fx?

A

Spine injury

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12
Q

Bohler’s angle

A

Lines drawn tangential to anterior and posterior aspects of the calcaneus. May indicate fx if

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13
Q

Hawkins classification

A

Talus neck fx. Predicts AVN risk

I: nondisplaced (

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14
Q

Hawkin’s sign

A

Resorption of subchondral bone in talus (lucency on XR) indicates fracture healing

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15
Q

Fleck sign

A

Avulsion of lisfranc ligament from 2nd MT base

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16
Q

Lisfranc (TMT joint) classification

A

Isolated, homolateral, divergent

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17
Q

MT base fx classification

A

Zone 1: avulsion fx
Zone 2: metadiaphyseal jxn (Jones fx)
Zone 3: proximal diaphysis (stress fx)

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18
Q

Jones fx?

A

Zone 2 fx of MT base (metadiaphysial)

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19
Q

1 and # 2 injured ligaments in ankle sprains

A

ATFL #1, CFL #2

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20
Q

Action of ATFL?

A

Resists anterior motion

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21
Q

Action of CFL?

A

Resists inversion

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22
Q

Action of deltoid ligament?

A

Resists eversion

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23
Q

Ankle relocation blocked by which tendons?

A

EDB (medial) or PT (lateral)

24
Q

Morning foot pain?

A

Plantar faciitis

25
Q

Thompson test

A

Squeeze calf, absent foot plantarflexion = achillies tendon rupture

26
Q

Ankle anterior drawer

A

Stabilize tibia, PF foot, anterior force. Tests lateral ligament (esp. ATFL)

27
Q

Talar tilt

A

Stabilize tibia, DF foot, invert foot. Tests lateral ligaments (esp. CFL)

28
Q

Ext. rotation stress

A

Stabilize tibia, ER foot. Tests deep deltoid and syndesmotic ligaments

29
Q

Eversion stress

A

Stabilize tibiam evert foot. tests superficial deltoid ligament

30
Q

Squeeze test

A

Compress distal tibia/fibula. Pain may indicate syndesmosis injury

31
Q

Heel rise

A

Standing, rise onto toes. Heel should go into varus. No varus in PTTD.

32
Q

Coleman block

A

Lateral foot and heel on block; 1st ray hands free. Flexible hind foot varus: ankle will go into valgus or neutral on block. Fixed hind foot varus: ankle will stay in varus on the block.

33
Q

Tinel’s sign (ankle)

A

Tap nerve posterior to MM. Tingling may indicate tibial nerve entrapment in tarsal tunnel.

34
Q

Compression test ankle

A

Squeeze foot at MT heads. Pain or numbness/tingling may indicated interdigital (Morton’s) neuroma

35
Q

Phases of gait (8) and important muscles

A

1: heel strike (TA)
2: Foot flat (gastroc)
3: Midstance
4: Heel off (PT+gastroc)
5: Toe off
6: preswing
7: midswing
8: terminal swing

36
Q

1st layer of foot and innervation

A

Abductor hallucis (MP)
Flexor digitorum brevis (MP)
Adbuctor digiti minimi (LP 1st branch)

37
Q

2nd layer of foot and innervation

A 
Quadratus plantae (LP)
Lumbricals (1 - MP, 2-4 - LP)
FHL, FDL tendons
38
Q

3rd layer of foot and innervation

A

Flexor hallucis brevis (MP)
Adductor hallucis (LP)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (LP)

39
Q

4th layer of foot an innervation

A 
Plantar interossei (3) (LP)
Dorsal interossei (4) (LP)
PL and TP tendons
40
Q

Possible entrapment of lateral plantar n?

A

Abductor DM fascia

41
Q

What artery supplies talar head and neck?

A

Direct talar branches from dorsalis pedis

42
Q

What decreases achilles tendon rerupture?

A

Surgical repair

43
Q

1 musculoskeletal injury?

A

Ankle sprain

44
Q

Gout findings PE and lab

A

1st MTPJ, negatively birefringent crystals (yellow when parallel)

45
Q

Hallux rigidus findings on XR?

A

Dorsal osteophyte or OA

46
Q

Hallux Valgus angle?

A

> 15°

47
Q

Morton neuroma locations?

A

2nd and 3rd interdigital space

48
Q

Acquired hindfoot cause and stages?

A

PT tendon failure
Stage 1: tenosynovitis, no deformity
Stage 2: Pes planus, flexible hindfoot, no single heel raise
Stage 3: rigid hindfoot,

49
Q

Haglund’s disease

A

Retrocalcaneal bursitis

50
Q

Baxter’s nerve?

A

1st branch of LP nerve

51
Q

Seronegative spondyloarthropathy, findings?

A

Psoriasis: Sausage ditit, pencil in cup deformity

Neg RF

52
Q

Deformity of clubfoot?

A 
CAVE
Cavus midfoot
forefoot Adductus
subtalar Varus
hindfoot Equinus
53
Q

Rigid flatfoot types

A

1) Tarsal coalition: fusion of two tarsal bones
Calcaneonavicular #1, Talocalcaneal #2.
2) Congenital vertical talus

54
Q

Anterolateral approach to ankle

IN planes, dangers

A

IN planes - peroneals (superficial peroneals)
EDL (deep peroneal)
Dangers: Deep peroneal n, anterior tibial artery

55
Q

Arthroscopy portals ankle (3)

A

Anteromedial - Saphenous nerve and vein
Anterolateral - superficial peroneal nerve
Posterolateral - sural nerve, lesser saphenous vein

Netter's Orthopaedics (7 decks)

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