Foot and Ankle Problems

Question 1

talipes equinovarus

Answer 1

clubfoot

Question 2

club foot

Answer 2

utero abnormal alignment of the joint between the talus, calcaneus and navicular

around 50% cases bilateral

Question 3

what does clubfoot consist of

Answer 3

abnormal alignment of joints results in contractures of soft tissues resulting in deformity consisting of ankle equinus (plantarflexion), inversion and varus alignment of the foot

Question 4

epidemiology of club foot

Answer 4

boys> girls

FH influence

more common in breech position

Question 5

name 3 risk factors for clubfoot

Answer 5

breech position

oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid content)

skeletal dysplasia

Question 6

how is club foot treated

Answer 6

early splintage

diagnosis usually obvious

delayed presentations (uncommon in modern healthcare) can resultin fixed deformity with child walking on the outside of their foot

Question 7

technique of splintage in clubfoot

Answer 7

posenti technique - held in plaster casts

80% f children also require a tenotomy of the achilles tendon (minor procedure) to maintain full correction

once full correction is achieved a brace consisting of boots attached to a bar is put on the child

Question 8

tarsal coalition

Answer 8

abnromal bridge between tarsal bones -leads to painful fixed flat foot deformity

Question 9

hallux valgus

Answer 9

eg bunion

strong FH

surgical correction carries a risk of recurrence