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OCS > foot and ankle > Flashcards

foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles make up the lateral compartment and what nerve innervates them?

A

fibulas longus and brevis, superficial fibular nerve

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2
Q

what muscles make up the deep posterior compartment and what nerve innervates them?

A

tib posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum, tibial nerve

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3
Q

what muscles make up the anterior compartment and what nerve innervates them?

A

tib anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibula’s Tertius, deep fibular nerve

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4
Q

what muscles are a part of the superficial posterior compartment and what nerve innervates them?

A

gastroc, soleus, plantaris, tibial nerve

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5
Q

a surgical release of the plantar fascia will likely lead to failure of which ligament?

A

spring ligament

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6
Q

do passive or active structures support the medial longitudinal arch?

A

both! Research supports that both contribute but to what degree and when is still not established.

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7
Q

if someone is weak in ankle plantar flexors how will they usually compensate during walking?

A

You will notice an increased hip pull with increased activity of the hip flexors

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8
Q

is pes cavus flat foot or high arch?

A

high arch

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9
Q

is pes planus flat foot or high arch?

A

flat foot

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10
Q

how big of a difference on the navicular drop test is considered abnormal?

A

greater than 10mm

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11
Q

what does decreased heel height possibly mean during heel raise?

A

decreased ability to lift weight, decreased length of plantar flexors, mid foot instability

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12
Q

what angle is considered hallux limitus?

A

less than 40 degrees of DF of 1st met

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13
Q

what are you assessing the integrity of with the anterior drawer test on the ankle?

A

ATFL

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14
Q

how do you perform the cotton test? What does it test for?

A

hold tibia, move talus medially and laterally. Tests for syndesmotic instability

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15
Q

what does the arc sign test for? How do you perform it?

A

test for achilles tendinopathy. Lay on stomach, look for bulge in tendon, DF and PF, if the bulge moves it is positive

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16
Q

what does a Bohlers angle of less than 20 degrees on radiographs indicate?

A

a broken calcaneous

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17
Q

what factors in women predispose them to hallux values?

A

low BMI, wearing high heels

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18
Q

what factors in men predispose them to hallux values?

A

higher BMI, hx of pes planus

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19
Q

what does current evidence support in relation to hallux valgus and conservative care?

A

the valgus will get worse unless corrected by surgery

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20
Q

what are two treatment options for hammer toes?

A

larger toe box in the shoes, taping of the MTP joint into flexion

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21
Q

what are the basic principles of high ankle sprains?

A

avoid DF, progress slowly

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22
Q

what are the Bernese Ankle Rules?

A

one of the following has to be positive - indirect fibular stress (10cm proximal), direct medial malleolar pressure, compression of mid and forefoot

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23
Q

what ligament is at risk of not healing properly after a lateral ankle sprain?

A

ATFL

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24
Q

what is the only relevant prognostic factor at 4 weeks associated with outcome at 16 weeks

A

pain during weight bearing ankle DF and medial joint line pain

25
Q

what 5 factors put you at risk for re injury after a lateral ankle injury?

A

hx of ankle sprains, failure to use a brace, failure to warm up, lacking ankle DF, failure to participate in balance and proprioceptive prevention program after last injury

26
Q

is joint laxity or mechanical instability associated with the development of CAI?

A

no

27
Q

to return to sport after CAI what activity is very important to integrate?

A

plyometrics

28
Q

what movement indicates anterior ankle impingement?

A

forced DF

29
Q

what is the primary cause of ankle OA?

A

previous fx

30
Q

what is the main treatment for ankle osteoarthritis?

A

surgery

31
Q

what are three factors associated with plantar fasciopathy?

A

obesity, limited DF, time spent on feet at work

32
Q

what is the biggest risk factor for plantar fasciopathy?

A

limited DF

33
Q

what is the normal age range for plantar fasciopathy?

A

45-65 y/o

34
Q

are orthotics helpful in plantar fasciopathy?

A

yes, if they person has excessive pronation

35
Q

what surgery has shown some promise for plantar fasciopathy?

A

gastroc recession

36
Q

what is tarsal coalition?

A

when bones from the mid foot and hind foot fuse

37
Q

what are the symptoms of tarsal coalition?

A

vague hind foot pain, repeated ankle sprains, family hx of TC, hind foot valgus

38
Q

what is the MOI for a lisfranc injury?

A

axial load to a PF foot

39
Q

what is the mid foot squeeze test used to screen and haw is it performed?

A

used to screen for Lisfranc injuries, grab the dorsum of foot and squeeze

40
Q

what does severs disease effect?

A

the calcaneous where the achilles tendon inserts

41
Q

what is the prognosis for Severs?

A

2 - 8 weeks

42
Q

who is most at risk for Severs?

A

6-8 year old boys

43
Q

what two test combined have almost 100% sensitivity for severs?

A

one leg heel standing test, squeeze test

44
Q

what is kohlers disease?

A

osteochondritis of the navicular bone

45
Q

what is the prognosis for kohlers disease?

A

8 months

46
Q

who is usually affected by kohlers disease?

A

boys between 2-10 y/o

47
Q

how will kohlers disease present?

A

gradual onset, swelling over dorsum of foot, tender navicular

48
Q

what is the goal of conservative treatment for hallux rigidus?

A

limit first MTP joint motion

49
Q

who will you typically see a Morton neuroma in and what will they complain of?

A

45-50 y/o female, sharp burning pain between 3rd and 4th toe

50
Q

what is the typical treatment for a Morton neuroma?

A

steroid injection

51
Q

what is a primary risk factor for non insertional achilles tendinopathy?

A

obesity

52
Q

what 4 risk factors are present in runners for the development of non insertional achilles tendinopathy?

A

limited DF ROM, abnormal subtaler ROM, decreased PF strength, foot pronation

53
Q

patients who are frequently less active and overweight typically present with insertional or non insertional achilles tendinopathy?

A

insertional

54
Q

what is the typical patient you will see with an achilles tendon rupture?

A

40-60 y/o male

55
Q

what is the recommended treatment for subluxing peroneal tendons?

A

surgery

56
Q

do men or women have a worse outcome after ankle fracture?

A

men

57
Q

how often should shoes be replaced to avoid excessive loading and potential stress fractures?

A

300-500 miles

58
Q

what two things during running predispose someone to a stress fx?

A

excessive hip adduction and rear foot eversion

59
Q

what 4 characteristics are associated with MTSS?

A

previous injury, female gender, higher BMI, below average activity history

OCS (12 decks)

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