Foot and Ankle

Question 1

what are you looking for in a foot and ankle examination when the patient is standing

Answer 1

swelling
nail changes
bruising
deformity - hallux valgus, pes planus, pes cavus , heel valgus or heel varus

Question 2

what are you looking for in a foot and ankle examination when the patient is on tip toes

Answer 2

inability suggests fracture, tendon rupture or tibialis posterior dysfunction
stiffness in first MTPJ suggest hallux rigidis

Question 3

what are you looking for in the patients gait in a foot and ankle examination

Answer 3

inability to weight bear
pace
symmetry
gait abnormality - antalgic, slapping foot
walking aids

Question 4

what are you looking in a foot examination when the patient is sitting

Answer 4

view soles for ulcers or callosities
footwear can be examined for wear and tear

Question 5

what are the 7 areas to be felt in a foot and ankle examination

Answer 5

lateral malleolus and ligament complex - anterior, posterior and distal
anterior joint line
medial malleolus and deltoid ligament
achilles tendon
base of 5th metatarsal
metatarsal heads in plantar surface of foot
pulses - dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial and sensation

Question 6

what are the 5 movements involved in a foot and ankle examination

Answer 6

dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
inversion
eversion
metatarsal phalangeal movement

Question 7

what are the 4 special test for the foot and ankle

Answer 7

grind test
anterior drawer test of ankle
mulder’s click test for Morton neuroma
simmond’s test