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PMR > Foot Anatomy > Flashcards

Foot Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the deltoid ligament

A
  • triangular shape ligament on medial aspect (subdivided into 4 parts)
    1. Tibionavicular part of the medial ligament
    2. tibiocalcaneal part
    3. posterior tibiotalar part
    4. anterior tibiotalar part
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2
Q

lateral ligaments of ankle joint

A
  1. anterior Talofibular ligament
  2. calcaneofibular ligament
  3. posterior talofibular ligament
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3
Q

flexor retinaculum of ankle

A

bony depression formed by medial malleolus

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4
Q

what goes through the flexor retrinaculum of ankle

A 
medial side 
tibialis posterior tendon 
FDL tendon
posterior tibial artery 
tibial nerve 
FHL tendon
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5
Q

fibular retrinaculum

A

binds the tendons of the fibulariis longs and fibulas braves muscle to the lateral side

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6
Q

Extensor Digitorum brevis

A

O: superiolateral part of CALCANEOUS
I: base of phalanx of greater tow and lateral to EDL on toes 2 - 4
I: depp fibular nerve
F: extend metatarsophalanges joint of the great toe

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7
Q

Abductor Hallicus

A

0: medial process of CALCANEA TUBEROSITY
I: medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe
I: medial plantar nerve from TN
F: Abduct 1st toe

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8
Q

Flexor Digitorum brevis

A

O: calcareous tuberosity
i: plantar surface of middle phalanges of middle 4 toes
i: medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,2,3)
A: flexes lateral 4 toes

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9
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

O: lateral and medial process of calcanea tuberosity , band of Connective tissue connecting calcenous of metatarsal V
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
I: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,2,3)
A: abducts little toe

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10
Q

quadratus plantae

A

O: medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcanea tuberosity
I: lateral side of tendon of FDL on sole of foot
I: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,2,3)
A: assist FDL tendon in flexing lateral 4 toes

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11
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: first lumbrical; medial side of tendon of flexor digitorum longs ass/ with toe 2
2,3,4th - adjacent structures of adjacent tendon FDL
I: medial free margins of extender hoods of toes 2-5
I: first lumbrical - medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve
2,3,4 - lateral plantar from tibial nerve (S2,3)
A: FLEXIOn of MP joint and EXTENSION of IP joint

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12
Q

FHB

A

O: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
i: base of proximal phalanx
I: medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve
A: flexes MP joint of the great toe

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13
Q

Adductor hallicus

A

I: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,2,3)
A: adducts grater tow at MP joint

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14
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexes little toe at MP joint

I: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,2,3)

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15
Q

dorsal interossei

A

I: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve , first and second dorsal interossei also by deep fibular nerve
A: abduction of toes 2-4 at MP joint

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16
Q

plantar interossei

A

I: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,2,3)
O: adduction of toes 3-5 at MP joint

17
Q

MTP sprain

A

Acute injury to the ligaments and capsule of the MTP joint. “Turf toe” is commonly seen in athletes. Chronic sprains may lead to hallux rigidus

18
Q

Hallux valgus

A

> 15 degree of lateral deviation of 1st MTP
Lateral deviation of the first toe greater than the normal angle of 15 degrees between
the tarsus and metatarsus. This may lead to a painful prominence of the medial aspect
of the MTP joint (bunion)

19
Q

hallux rigidus

A

Degenerative condition of the first MTP joint leading to pain and stiffness (great toe arthritis of MTP joint)

20
Q

claw toe

A

extension mTP
flexion PIP
flexion DIP

21
Q

hammer toe

A

flexion of PIP

22
Q

treatment of hammer toe

A

show should be 1/2 inch longer than longest toe

23
Q

causes of hammer toe

A

chronic tight shoes

24
Q

causes of claw foot

A

incompetence of foot intrinsic muscles

secondary to neurological disorders ( diabetes , alcohol. neuropathies, CMT , spinal cord tumour)

25
Q

treatment of claw toe

A

shoes with soft and roomy with high tow boxes
splints available
surgical if necessary

26
Q

Mallot toe

A

flexion of DIP with normal alignment of PIP and MTP

27
Q

treatment of ballot toe

A

must trim callous
take x-ray to r/o fracture
good shoes with high toe boxes

28
Q

Lisfranc fracture

A

traumatic disruption of the tarsometatarsal joints involving fracture, dislocation, or both

29
Q

treatment for lisfranc

A
  1. conservative : non displaced : non WB , immobilization and support thereafter
  2. Surgical - Stabilization is integral to maintaining the bony architecture of entire foot
30
Q

Jones fracture

A

transverse fracture through the base of the 5th metatarsal

31
Q

Nutcracker fracture

A

cuboid fracture

32
Q

March fracture

A

fatigue fracture of the metatarsal

33
Q

treatment of Jones fracture

A
  1. non weight bearing in a cast for 6 weeks

2. ORIF

34
Q

treatment of nutcracker fracture

35
Q

March fracture

A
  1. cast if needed
36
Q

grades of lateral ankle sprain

A

Grade 1 : partial tear ATFL , welling, point tenderness at lateral ankle , no instability , negative stress test

Grade 2: complete tear ATFL and partial CFL , diffuse sweeping , ecchymosis positive Ant drawer

Grade 3: complete ATFL and CRL , positive ant drawer and taller tilt

Dislocation - complete ATFL , PRFL and CFL

37
Q

MOA of lateral ankle sprain

A

inversion and plantar flexion

“ hx of rolling over ankle “

38
Q

treatment of lateral ankle sprain

A

Grade 1 and 2 - conservative
ice , rest , compression, NSAIDS, early mobilization
Grade 3: conservative vs surgical
- six month trial of rehab
- high athlete or conservative fail - Sx reconstruction of torn ligament

PMR (11 decks)

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