Foot Flashcards
How many bones are in the foot?
26
How many tarsal bones are there and what are their names?
7: calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and medial cuneiform.
How many surfaces does the lateral cuneiform have?
6 (anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, dorsal & plantar)
What bones does lateral cuneiform articulate with and on what surface?
Metatarsal ii, iii & iv (anterior/distal), cuboid (lateral), navicular (posterior/proximal) and intermediate cuneiform (medial)
What muscle(s) attach to lateral cuneiform and where?
Tibialis posterior - plantar surface ; Flexor hallucis brevis - proximal part.
Describe the attachments and functions of tibialis posterior.
FROM: posterior surface of tibia, fibular and interosseous membrane, TO: plantar surface of all cuneiforms, posterior surface of medial cuneiform, tuberosity of navicular, all cuneiforms bones, cuboid and bases of metatarsals 2-4.
FUNCTION: plantarflexion and inversion of foot + support of longitudinal arch.
Describe the attachments and functions of flexor hallucis brevis.
FROM: proximal part of lateral cuneiform, lateral surface of medial cuneiform, cuboid and tendon of tibialis posterior TO: lateral and medial base of proximal phalanx of great toe.
FUNCTION: flexion and support of longitudinal arch.
What ligaments attach to the lateral cuneiform?
Cuneocuboid ligament; intercuneiform ligament (between lateral and intermediate cuneiform - aids medial and lateral rotation when forefoot is stressed)
How many surfaces does intermediate cuneiform have?
6 (medial, lateral, superior, inferior, plantar, dorsal)
List the cuneiform bones from largest to smallest.
Medial > lateral > intermediate
What bones does intermediate cuneiform articulate with?
Navicular, medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, metatarsal ii
What muscle(s) attach to intermediate cuneiform and where?
Tibialis posterior - plantar surface
What ligament(s) attach to intermediate cuneiform?
Interosseous ligaments (between cuneiforms), dorsal and plantar ligaments.
What is a potential non-metric trait of the intermediate cuneiform?
Secondary articulation with lateral cuneiform on lateral surface of intermediate cuneiform.
What bones does medial cuneiform articulate with and via what surfaces?
Navicular - proximal (pyriform facet) ; intermediate cuneiform - lateral ; metatarsal i - distal ; metatarsal ii - distal/lateral
What muscles attach to medial cuneiform and where?
Tibialis anterior (medial surface); tibialis posterior (posterior surface); fibularis /peroneus longus (lateral surface); flexor hallucis brevis (lateral surface)
Describe the attachments and functions of tibialis anterior.
FROM: tibia and interosseous membrane, TO: medial surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal.
FUNCTION: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Describe the attachments and function of fibularis/peroneus longus
FROM: head and proximal lateral 2/3 of fibula, TO: lateral surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal.
FUNCTION: plantarflexion
What ligaments attach to medial cuneiform (and where do they form and originate)?
Plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments (FROM: lateral surface of medial cuneiform TO: metatarsals 1-3) ; Plantar cuneonavicular ligament (FROM: lateral surface of medial cuneiform TO: navicular) ; interosseous (intercuneiform) ligament (FROM: proximal surface of medial cuneiform TO: intermediate cuneiform)
State a potential non-metric trait of medial cuneiform.
Bipartite medial cuneiform: two ossification centres developing instead of one so forming two bones
Detail the head of the talus
Rounded, facing anteriorly, articular surface for navicular, inferior surface has a medial and lateral articular surface separated by a ridge.
Detail the neck of the talus
Connects head to body, runs diagonally downwards and medially, contains sulcus tali, sometimes has squatting facets
Describe the sulcus tali
On neck of talus between posterior and medial sustentacular facets. Attachment site for interosseous ligament running between calcaneus and talus. When it articulates with calcaneus it forms the tarsal sinus allowing for vessels to pass.
Describe the trochlea of the talus
Saddle shaped articular surface of body for the distal tibia with lateral (fibula) and medial (tibia) facets on either side
What muscle(s) attach to the talus?
None (hallucis longus tendon passes between medial and lateral tubercles of posterior process)
What ligaments attach to the talus?
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