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Biology > Food Tests And Biomolecules > Flashcards

Food Tests And Biomolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does Benedict’s solution test for

A

Reducing sugars

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2
Q

How to test for sugar!

A

Benedict’s in water in test tube
Sayer bath of 75
For 5 mins

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3
Q

Benedict’s colour change

A

Blue - Brick red

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4
Q

How to test for carbohydrates ?

A

5cm of food sample
Iodine

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5
Q

Colour change for carbs (iodine test)

A

Browny orange - blue black

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6
Q

Buriet test is for what ?

A

Proteins

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7
Q

Method for buirets test is ?

A

2cm sample
2cm buirets solution

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8
Q

Buiret colour change

A

Blue - pink/purple

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9
Q

For lipids what test ?

A

Ethanol

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10
Q

What is the emulsion test for lipids

A

Food sample
Ethanol
Distilled water

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11
Q

Emulsion test lipids colour change

A

Clear - cloudy white colour

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12
Q

What are enzymes ?

A

A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst

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13
Q

What’s a catalyst ?

A

Increases the rate of a chemical reaction while remaining unchanged

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14
Q

What’s a substrate ?

A

The molecule that enzymes act on

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15
Q

Why specific?

A

enzymes only act on certain substrates and not others

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16
Q

Active site

A

The region on which enzymes that binds the substrate

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17
Q

Product

A

End substance after reaction

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18
Q

Metabolism

A

Sun of all the chemical reactions in an organism

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19
Q

Denature

A

When the active site changes shape
This is irreversible

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20
Q

Why can denaturing occur ?

A

Very high or low temperatures
Change in pH

21
Q

How is the placenta adapted for rapid exchange ?

A

-diffusion/active transport
- rapid exchange in and out of blood
-low to high concentration for molecule diffusion
-good blood supply (for organ function)
-thin placenta walls (faster diffusion)
-Large SA (for faster diffusion)

22
Q

Absorption?

A

The passage of small molecules into vessels that can transport them into the body through blood

23
Q

Adaptions that allow for absorption in the small intestine?

A
  • large SA (inner surface covered in villi and microvilli)
    -thing cell walls ( villus only one cell thick)
    -good blood supply (each villus supplied with blood + maintains concentration gradient
24
Q

The digestive system is what?

A

Is a group of organs that work together to break down (digest) and absorb food

25
Q

What are proteins for ?

A

Repair, growth

26
Q

What are lipids for ?

A

Insulation and energy

27
Q

What are carbohydrates for ?

A

Energy (respiration )

28
Q

What are subunits of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose

29
Q

What are subunits of proteins ?

A

Amino acids

30
Q

What element do proteins also contain that lipids and carbohydrates do not?

A

Nitrogen
(O,C,H,N)

31
Q

What does it mean to emulsify fats?

A

Break them up into smaller ones

32
Q

What does the mouth do ?

A

Mechanical digestion

33
Q

Chemicals produced in the mouth ?

A

Amalyse - breaks down starch

34
Q

Function of the oesophagus?

A

Peristalsis - muscle contraction to push food to the stomach

35
Q

Stomachs function?

A

Physical digestion - churning

36
Q

Chemicals produced in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

37
Q

What’s the function of the liver ?

A

To produce bile

38
Q

What is biles job?

A

To neutralise the stomach and emulsify fats

39
Q

What’s the purpose of the gallbladder ?

A

To store bile

40
Q

Function of the pancreas ?

A

Chemical digestion - produces enzymes

41
Q

Chemical reactions in the pancreas are what ?

A

All biomolecules and subunits

42
Q

Function of the small intestine ?

A

Absorb food into the blood stream

43
Q

What chemicals are produced in the small intestine ?

A

All enzymes + subunits

44
Q

Function of the large intestine ?

A

To absorb water into the blood stream

45
Q

Chemicals produced in the large intestine?

A

Some minerals

46
Q

Function of the rectum and anus?

A

Egestion
Waste storage

47
Q

What’s the first required practical ?

A

Place food In test tube and add regent for food tests

48
Q

What the second require practical ?

A

Place amylase into test tube with ph buffer , iodine in spotting tile , add starch to solution wait, add solution to iodine, every 30 seconds add , until iodine remains orange

49
Q

What the Locke and key theory?

A

Enzymes are locks , substrates are keys that fit into active site eg amalyse (enzyme ) and starch (substrate)

Biology (10 decks)

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