Bio Test 3 Flashcards
What is drug discovery?
The process of identifying new candidate medications.
True or False: All drugs are derived from synthetic compounds.
False
Name one method used in drug discovery.
High-throughput screening
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another.
Fill in the blank: Antibiotics are used to treat __________ infections.
bacterial
What is the role of plant tissues in drug discovery?
Plant tissues can be sources of natural compounds for drug development.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of plant tissue? A) Xylem B) Neuron C) Muscle
A) Xylem
What is the primary function of xylem tissue?
To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves.
True or False: Viruses can be treated with antibiotics.
False
What type of pathogen causes communicable diseases?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
What is the significance of clinical trials in drug discovery?
They test the safety and efficacy of new drugs in humans.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease? A) Influenza B) Diabetes C) Tuberculosis
B) Diabetes
What is the function of phloem tissue?
To transport sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.
True or False: Drug discovery can only occur in laboratories.
False
What is one common method for testing the effectiveness of a drug?
Randomized controlled trials
Fill in the blank: __________ are organisms that can cause disease.
Pathogens
What is the role of the immune system in combating communicable diseases?
To identify and destroy pathogens.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of communicable diseases? A) Fever B) Headache C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is a primary source of new drugs in drug discovery?
Natural products from plants and microorganisms.
True or False: Vaccines are a method of preventing communicable diseases.
True
What is the term for substances that stimulate the immune response?
Antigens
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of tissues in plants that transports water.
vascular system
What is one example of a viral communicable disease?
HIV/AIDS
Multiple Choice: Which plant tissue is responsible for photosynthesis? A) Xylem B) Parenchyma C) Phloem
B) Parenchyma
What is the importance of understanding plant tissues in drug discovery?
It helps in identifying potential medicinal compounds.
What is drug discovery?
The process of identifying and developing new medications.
True or False: Drug discovery only involves the synthesis of new compounds.
False
Fill in the blank: The first step in drug discovery is ________.
target identification
What are the three main phases of drug discovery?
Preclinical testing, clinical trials, and regulatory approval.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a method used in drug discovery? A) High-throughput screening B) Low-throughput screening C) Manual testing
A) High-throughput screening
What role do clinical trials play in drug discovery?
They test the safety and efficacy of a drug in humans.
True or False: All drugs must go through the same regulatory process.
True
Fill in the blank: ________ is the process of testing a drug on animal models before human trials.
Preclinical testing
What is the purpose of target identification?
To find a biological molecule that the drug will act upon.
What is a lead compound?
A chemical compound that shows promise as a potential drug.
True or False: Drug discovery can take over a decade.
True
Fill in the blank: The ________ phase assesses the drug’s safety in a small group of healthy volunteers.
Phase I
What is a clinical trial?
A research study that tests how well a drug works in people.
Multiple choice: What is one major reason drugs fail during clinical trials? A) Lack of funding B) Ineffective results C) Overproduction
B) Ineffective results
What is the purpose of regulatory approval?
To ensure that a drug is safe and effective for public use.
True or False: All drugs are required to undergo both preclinical and clinical testing.
True
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of how drugs affect the body.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage of clinical trials? A) Phase II B) Phase IV C) Phase V
C) Phase V
What is the significance of Phase IV trials?
They monitor the long-term effects and safety of a drug after it has been approved.
True or False: Drug discovery is exclusively conducted by pharmaceutical companies.
False
Fill in the blank: The ________ phase focuses on determining the drug’s effectiveness in patients with the disease.
Phase II
What are the main types of plant tissues?
The main types of plant tissues are meristematic tissue, permanent tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue.
True or False: Meristematic tissues are responsible for the growth of plants.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary function of xylem is to transport __________.
water and minerals
What type of tissue is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
Ground tissue, specifically parenchyma.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of permanent tissue? A) Parenchyma B) Collenchyma C) Epidermis D) Phloem
D) Phloem
What is the function of phloem in plants?
Phloem transports organic nutrients, particularly sugars, throughout the plant.
What are the two main types of vascular tissue?
Xylem and phloem.
Fill in the blank: The outer layer of a plant’s stem is called the __________.
epidermis
Multiple choice: Which tissue is primarily responsible for the transport of water? A) Phloem B) Xylem C) Parenchyma D) Sclerenchyma
B) Xylem
What is the role of sclerenchyma cells in plants?
Sclerenchyma cells provide rigid support and strength to mature plant parts.
True or False: All plant tissues are capable of photosynthesis.
False
What type of meristematic tissue is found at the tips of roots and shoots?
Apical meristem.
Fill in the blank: The tissue that forms the outer protective layer of the plant is called __________.
epidermis
What is the main characteristic of meristematic tissue?
It consists of undifferentiated cells that can divide to form new cells.
True or False: Xylem contains living cells at maturity.
False
Fill in the blank: The tissue that connects and supports various parts of the plant is known as __________.
vascular tissue
What is the main function of intercellular spaces in parenchyma tissue?
They allow for gas exchange and storage.
Fill in the blank: The tissue responsible for conducting photosynthates is __________.
phloem
