Food Security Flashcards
What is Food Security?
A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
What are the four dimensions of food security?
Availability, access, stability, and utilization.
Four Dimensions: Availability.
Quantity, quality, and diversity of available food. Availability of food from domestic production is key.
Four Dimensions: Access.
Physical access to food, infrastructure (railway, roads) needed for access and price of food.
Four Dimensions: Stability.
Whether there is stability in food supply and political situation, war, etc.
Four Dimensions: Utilization.
Ability to utilize food - access to fresh water and sanitation. Outcome of poor food utilization - malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency in population and especially children under the age of five and pregnant women.
What is Nutrition Security?
A situation that exists when secure access to an appropriately nutritious diet is coupled with a sanitary environment, adequate health services and care, in order to ensure a healthy and active life for all household members.
What is the difference between Nutrition Security and Food Security?
Nutrition security differs from food security in that it also considers the aspects of adequate caring practices, health and hygiene in addition to dietary adequacy.
How many people were undernourished in 2014-2016?
795 million people - just over one in 9 people.
How much did the prevalence of undernourishment decrease from 1990-1992 to now?
From 18.6% to 10.9%; decreased by 220 million people considering an increase in 1.9 billion population.
How many hungry people live in developing region?
78.5% of people; Sub-Saharan Africa has become home to more than a quarter of the world’s undernourished people.
What are the two basic types of malnutrition?
Protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency.
What is Protein-Energy Malnutrition?
Lack of enough protein (from meat and other sources) and food providing energy (in calories). Most visible malnutrition.
What is Micronutrient Deficiency?
Deficient in vitamins and minerals; it does not cause obvious hunger, but lack of a specific nutrient may lead to grave consequences. Mostly affecting children and pregnant women. Three major deficiencies: vitamin A, iodine, and iron.
What are the consequences of malnutrition?
Children (under 5) are the most severely affected, other vulnerable groups include pregnant, lactating women and the elderly.
Malnutrition plays a role in at least 3.8 million child deaths a year, and magnifies the affects of other diseases (e.g. malaria), and can hinder brain development.
