Food Processing

Question 1

What are the 12 (or 13) Unit Operations?

Answer 1

1. Material Handling
2. Separating
3. Cleaning
4. Disintegration
5. Mixing
6. Pumping
7. Forming
8. Heat Exchange
9. Non-thermal methods
10. Drying
11. Evaporation
12. Packaging
13. Controlling

Question 2

Define Food Processing

Answer 2

The conversion of raw animal and plant tissue into forms that are convenient and practical to consume. The systematic combination of unit process operations into complex total processes.

Question 3

Define Food Preservation

Answer 3

Use of specific thermal and nonthermal techniques to minimize the number of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in food, making them safe and extending the shelf life.

Question 4

What are the physical deterioration of food?

Answer 4

Phase separation, undesired drying, loss of structure, and damage due to handling.

Question 5

What are the chemical deterioration of food?

Answer 5

Undesired chemical reactions in food, enzymatic action, lipid oxidation, toxins, etc.

Question 6

What are the biological deterioration of food?

Answer 6

Microbial growth and food spoilage.

Question 7

What happens when milk is stored for extended periods of time in the refrigerator?

Answer 7

It becomes curdled and soured.

Question 8

Why does milk spoil?

Answer 8

Even after pasteurization, spoilage bacterial spores survive in the milk and they can germinate in refrigerated temperature. The bacteria