Food nanotechnology

Question 1

nanostructures

Answer 1

prot = globular 
nano = 10-100 nm
foam and emulsion = nano
starch = nano crystal
casein = 100 nm in milk

Question 2

properties of nano

Answer 2

high mobility
new optical properties
molecular recognition in DNA, hormonal system…
super magnetism
superconductivity
largely increased reactivity
very attractive or repulsive surface charge

Question 3

how to observe nano

Answer 3

zetasizer
masterizer
scanning electron microscopy SEM
atomic force macroscopy AFM
transmission electron microscopy

Question 4

health and nutrition

Answer 4

nano capsulation = flavor and nutrient control

engineered nanoparticle additive = nano sized ingredients and additives

Question 5

novel material

Answer 5

antibacterial packaging

controlled gas permeability

Question 6

food safety

Answer 6

self evident shelf life labels

small environment sensors

Question 7

nano encapsulation

Answer 7

coating and entrapment of pure material 
usually liquid 
increase stability = heat, pH, oxidation 
stable color and taste
mild on stomach
sustained release + high absorption

Question 8

nano encapsulation of

Answer 8

Nutralease = Coenzyme Q10 (can be decreased by fibers)
lutein 
lycopene 
phytosterol
vit D

Question 9

examples of nano encapsulation

Answer 9

tiptop up omega 3 bread = encapsulation of tuna fish oil

canola active oil = encapsulation of fortified phytosterol which reduce cholesterol intake by 14%

Question 10

advantage of physical cross linked nanoparticles

Answer 10

no chemical reagents
mild aqueous conditions
simple procedures
suitable for bioactive agents

Question 11

lycopene nano addition benefits

Answer 11

improve texture, flavor , taste
reduce amount of salt, fat, sugar
enhance bioavailability

Question 12

mineral supplement = nano tea

Answer 12

enhance bioavailability of nutrients
antimicrobial
nano iron drink
nano chicken feed (nan selenium stop bird flu alternative to chemical antibiotics)

Question 13

nano powdered catalytic device

Answer 13

coated with 20 nm zeolite nano
better taste, crisper
better consistency
lower cost

Question 14

nano for food coloring

Answer 14

gentle
doesn’t allow phase change or a lot of heating
produce fresher flavor
cheaper

Question 15

nano in films

Answer 15

inorganic = silver, TiO2, nanoclay

changes functionality = antibacterial and improves O2 and moisture barrier

Question 16

nano beer bottles

Answer 16

lighter
stronger
decrease loss of CO2

Question 17

smart dust

Answer 17

monitor humidity, T
detect spoil/freshness
monitor soil condition and crop growth 
measure activity of selected susbtance 
CO2 sensors
acoustic sensors 
odour sensors
pressure sensors
temperature sensors
humidity and dust sensors 
quality control for beverages by nano electronic tongue

Question 18

shelf life lables

Answer 18

for T, fresh, patio, integrity, RH

Question 19

CO2 indicator

Answer 19

form microbial respiration, fermentation

color change

Question 20

poultry freshness indicator

Answer 20

mletmyoglobin normally brown reacts with H2S that is produced by bacteria to produce sulfmyoglobin which has a green color
so color change form brown to green which indicates decrease in freshness

Question 21

ripeness indicator

Answer 21

as hipness increase volatiles cause change from red to yellow

Question 22

freshness indicator

Answer 22

toxin guard = reaction between antibodies and toxins
-detector (antibodies) against specific toxin in polymer
-detector binds to toxin A
-antibody toxin complex in detector binds to capture area B
-binding cause label to change color or fluorescence
can also be sued to detect metabolites

Question 23

temperature indicator

Answer 23

thermo chromic dye in plastic
brown –> red = heat + lead correctly attach
universal code
heat = wax melt = mix with dye = irreversible

Question 24

trends in public opinion

Answer 24

high expectation
concern moderate
knowledge very low

Question 25

nano silver

Answer 25

germ killin properties

can harm aquatic organisms

Question 26

carbon fullerenes

Answer 26

C60 in face antiaging creams
cause brain damage in fish kills water fleas
low levels have been found to be toxic to human liver cells

Question 27

nano sunscreen

Answer 27

titanium oxide, zinc oxide = photoactive = free radicals causing DNA damage to human skin cells when exposed to UV light

Question 28

consumer safety concern

Answer 28

solubilized and digested in gut
greater bioavailability doesn’t not lead to increased health risk
tissue distribution not different from conventional forms
toxicological propertjes not yet known
clear advantages the benefits outweigh risk
case by case assessment for regulations