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Year 8 Biology > Food, Muscles and skeleton > Flashcards

Food, Muscles and skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are Carbohydrates mostly found?

A

In starchy foods

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1
Q

Why do we need Carbohydrates?

A

They supply most of the body’s energy.

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2
Q

What are the 2 uses of the energy that Carbohydrates provide?

A

To carry out chemical reactions and to move around

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3
Q

What does the word lipid refer to?

A

Fats and oils

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4
Q

What are the main differences between fats and oils?

A

Fats are solid at room temp. while oils are liquid.

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5
Q

Where are lipids mainly found?

A

Oily fish, nuts and seeds, dairy products and avocados

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6
Q

What are lipids mainly used as?

A

Mainly used as an energy source

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7
Q

What are the other functions of lipids?

A

Lipids insulate our body and they protect our organs

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8
Q

Are lipids a short term energy source or a long term and why?

A

Lipids are a long term energy source because we can build up fat, which stores energy.

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9
Q

Where are Protein mainly found?

A

Nuts and seeds, meats, lentils and beans.

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10
Q

What are proteins mainly used for?

A

Growth, repair of tissue and in emergencies, for energy.

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11
Q

What is the main difference between minerals and vitamins?

A

Vitamins are Organic molecules while minerals are inorganic molecules.

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12
Q

Where can Vitamin A be found?

A

many fruits and vegetables, animal sources, liver

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13
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A

For good vision and healthy skin

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14
Q

Where can vitamin C be found?

A

citrus fruits, vegetables

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15
Q

What is the function of Vitamin C?

A

prevent scurvy

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16
Q

Where can Vitamin D be found?

A

oily fish, egg yolks, fortified milk, sun exposure

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17
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D?

A

To help the body absorb Calcium

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18
Q

Where can Calcium be found?

A

Dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, etc…

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19
Q

What is the function of Calcium?

A
  1. Forms and maintains bones and teeth
  2. Coagulates blood
    (vitamin D helps absorb calcium)
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20
Q

Where can Iron be found?

A

Iron can be found in red meats, spinach and beans.

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21
Q

What is the function of Iron?

A

Important part in making hemaglobin, which is what binds to oxygen in red-blood cells

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22
Q

What can happen if we are deficient in Calcium?

A

We can get Rickets

23
Q

What can happen if we are deficient in Iron?

A

We can get Anemia

24
Q

What is fibre?

A

Fiber is a type of Carbohydrate

25
Q

Where can fiber be found?

A

Fiber can be found in many types of whole meal foods such as: Whole meal bread, ground rice, fruits, vegetables

26
Q

What is the function of fiber in our body?

A

Fiber aids in waste removal. Helps move found down the intestines

27
Q

What can a fiber deficiency lead to?

A

Diarrhea, Constipation

28
Q

Where can we get water from?

A

We can get water from drinks and many foods.

29
Q

Why do we need water?

A

We need water for chemical reactions, as Cytoplasm is made of water. Also, 70% of our body is water.

30
Q

How are we constantly losing water?

A

Sweating, breathing, urinating

31
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

Diet where we eat right amount of the different biological molecules

32
Q

What are the 3 things that affect how much energy we need

A

Age, Activity level, pregnancy

33
Q

Activity level

A

If you are an athlete then you will need more energy than a desk worker

34
Q

Age

A

Teenagers often need more energy as they are still growing

35
Q

Pregnancy

A

Pregnant woman need more energy because their baby requires energy.

36
Q

What are the 3 main functions of muscles?

A

Locomotion (movement), release and movement of liquids, directing of the blood

37
Q

What are the two things that muscles can do?

A

Contract and relax

38
Q

What are antagonistic pairs of muscles?

A

Muscles that work together to move a bone

39
Q

How do antagonistic muscles work?

A

If one muscle moves one way, the other muscles moves the other way.

40
Q

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Making blood cells

41
Q

What is the material the skeleton is made up of?

A

Bone

42
Q

How are muscles connected to bones?

A

Tendons

43
Q

How are bones connected to bones?

A

Ligaments

44
Q

What is the role of a joint?

A

Connective tissues consist of ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
A joint is held together by ligaments which give the joints their stability.
Cartilage is found at the ends of bones and where joints meet.
Tendons attach muscles to the skeleton.

45
Q

What is the fluid in Synovial joints called?

A

Synovial fluid

46
Q

What is synovial fluid made by?

A

The synovial membrane

47
Q

What are the ends of joints in Synovial joints covered with?

A

Cartillage

48
Q

Name the types of synovial joints

A

Hinge and ball and socket

49
Q

Where are blood cells made in the bone?

A

In the bone marrow

50
Q

Define joint:

A

Place where 2 bones meet

51
Q

What does synovial fluid do?

A

Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction and prevents bones from wearing away

52
Q

What is Cartillage?

A

Hard slippery surface to prevent bones from wearing away

53
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Smooth, Cardiac and skeletal

54
Q

What is needed for muscle contraction?

A

Energy from respiration

55
Q

What are the main section of the heart?

A

Right and left ventricle
Right and left atrium
Valves
Pulmonary artery and vein
Vena Cava
Aorta

Year 8 Biology (4 decks)

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