Food, Muscles and skeleton Flashcards
Where are Carbohydrates mostly found?
In starchy foods
Why do we need Carbohydrates?
They supply most of the body’s energy.
What are the 2 uses of the energy that Carbohydrates provide?
To carry out chemical reactions and to move around
What does the word lipid refer to?
Fats and oils
What are the main differences between fats and oils?
Fats are solid at room temp. while oils are liquid.
Where are lipids mainly found?
Oily fish, nuts and seeds, dairy products and avocados
What are lipids mainly used as?
Mainly used as an energy source
What are the other functions of lipids?
Lipids insulate our body and they protect our organs
Are lipids a short term energy source or a long term and why?
Lipids are a long term energy source because we can build up fat, which stores energy.
Where are Protein mainly found?
Nuts and seeds, meats, lentils and beans.
What are proteins mainly used for?
Growth, repair of tissue and in emergencies, for energy.
What is the main difference between minerals and vitamins?
Vitamins are Organic molecules while minerals are inorganic molecules.
Where can Vitamin A be found?
many fruits and vegetables, animal sources, liver
What is the function of vitamin A?
For good vision and healthy skin
Where can vitamin C be found?
citrus fruits, vegetables
What is the function of Vitamin C?
prevent scurvy
Where can Vitamin D be found?
oily fish, egg yolks, fortified milk, sun exposure
What is the function of Vitamin D?
To help the body absorb Calcium
Where can Calcium be found?
Dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, etc…
What is the function of Calcium?
- Forms and maintains bones and teeth
- Coagulates blood
(vitamin D helps absorb calcium)
Where can Iron be found?
Iron can be found in red meats, spinach and beans.
What is the function of Iron?
Important part in making hemaglobin, which is what binds to oxygen in red-blood cells
What can happen if we are deficient in Calcium?
We can get Rickets
What can happen if we are deficient in Iron?
We can get Anemia
What is fibre?
Fiber is a type of Carbohydrate
Where can fiber be found?
Fiber can be found in many types of whole meal foods such as: Whole meal bread, ground rice, fruits, vegetables
What is the function of fiber in our body?
Fiber aids in waste removal. Helps move found down the intestines
What can a fiber deficiency lead to?
Diarrhea, Constipation
Where can we get water from?
We can get water from drinks and many foods.
Why do we need water?
We need water for chemical reactions, as Cytoplasm is made of water. Also, 70% of our body is water.
How are we constantly losing water?
Sweating, breathing, urinating
What is a balanced diet?
Diet where we eat right amount of the different biological molecules
What are the 3 things that affect how much energy we need
Age, Activity level, pregnancy
Activity level
If you are an athlete then you will need more energy than a desk worker
Age
Teenagers often need more energy as they are still growing
Pregnancy
Pregnant woman need more energy because their baby requires energy.
What are the 3 main functions of muscles?
Locomotion (movement), release and movement of liquids, directing of the blood
What are the two things that muscles can do?
Contract and relax
What are antagonistic pairs of muscles?
Muscles that work together to move a bone
How do antagonistic muscles work?
If one muscle moves one way, the other muscles moves the other way.
What are the main functions of the skeleton?
Support
Protection
Movement
Making blood cells
What is the material the skeleton is made up of?
Bone
How are muscles connected to bones?
Tendons
How are bones connected to bones?
Ligaments
What is the role of a joint?
Connective tissues consist of ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
A joint is held together by ligaments which give the joints their stability.
Cartilage is found at the ends of bones and where joints meet.
Tendons attach muscles to the skeleton.
What is the fluid in Synovial joints called?
Synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid made by?
The synovial membrane
What are the ends of joints in Synovial joints covered with?
Cartillage
Name the types of synovial joints
Hinge and ball and socket
Where are blood cells made in the bone?
In the bone marrow
Define joint:
Place where 2 bones meet
What does synovial fluid do?
Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction and prevents bones from wearing away
What is Cartillage?
Hard slippery surface to prevent bones from wearing away
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth, Cardiac and skeletal
What is needed for muscle contraction?
Energy from respiration
What are the main section of the heart?
Right and left ventricle
Right and left atrium
Valves
Pulmonary artery and vein
Vena Cava
Aorta
