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Year 8 Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Enzymes?

A

Enzymes are a biological catalyst

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2
Q

What are catalysts?

A

Catalysts are substances that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

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3
Q

What are biological catalysts?

A

Enzymes

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4
Q

What are enzymes made up of?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

True or false: Catalysts can be used over and over again

A

True

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6
Q

What is the active site?

A

The active site of an enzyme is the region that binds substrate molecules.

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7
Q

What is the substrate?

A

A molecule acted upon by an enzyme.

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8
Q

Select the right answer. What will happen if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site?
A: The reaction will be catalyzed, nothing will happen to enzyme
B: The enzyme will be denatured
C: The enzyme will be broken apart
D: The reaction won’t be catalyzed, nothing will happen to enzyme

A

D is the right answer

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9
Q

What is a good way to describe the relation that the active site and the substrate have?

A

They are complementary

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10
Q

How does temperature affect enzyme activity

A

The higher the temperature, the lower the enzyme activity

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11
Q

What happens when the bonds holding the enzyme holding together start to break?

A

The active site will start to change shape

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12
Q

What will happen if the active site changes shape to much?

A

The substrate will no longer fit the active site

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13
Q

Define the term, ‘denatured’

A

When the active site can no longer bind to the substrate

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14
Q

Is damage caused by denaturing permanent?

A

It is permanent

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15
Q

What is optimum temperature?

A

The optimum temperature is when the rate of reaction is at the highest. It is 37 degrees.

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16
Q

What else, apart from temperature, can denature an enzyme?

A

pH

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17
Q

What is one thing that the optimum pH depends upon?

A

The optimum pH depends on where the enzyme is in the body. The normal for enzymes is 7

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18
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Simple sugars

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19
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Long chains of amino acids

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20
Q

What are lipids made up of?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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21
Q

What does bile do?

A

Neutralizes acids and emulsifies acids

22
Q

What do enzymes do other than catalyzing reactions?

A

Breaks down food into smaller molecules

23
Q

What enzyme is Carbohydrate broken down by?

A

Amylase

24
Q

What enzyme breaks down proteins?

A

Protease enzymes

(trypsin and pepsin)

25
Q

What enzyme breaks down fats?

A

Lipase

26
Q

What is food used for?

A

Energy

27
Q

Name all the organs food passes through as it’s being digested

A

Mouth –> Esophagus –> Stomach –> Small intestine –> Large intestine –> Rectum –> Anus

28
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

The mouth carries out mechanical digestion in the form of chewing and the mouth carries out chemical digestion in the form of Amylase breaking down Carbs.

29
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Carries out mechanical digestion by moving in a wave-like motion

30
Q

What is the function of the Stomach?

A

Carries out mechanical digestion in the form of contracting walls and carries out chemical digestion in the form of Protease enzymes breaking down proteins

31
Q

What other substance is present in the stomach and what does it do?

A

Hydrochloric acid, kills bacteria and gives the protease enzymes the right environment to work

32
Q

What is the function of the Pancreas?

A

Produces lots of digestive enzymes which is secreted into the small intestine in pancreatic juices

33
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Where most absorption takes place and where some digestion takes place. Also produces enzymes to aid with digestion.

34
Q

Name all the ways the small intestine is adapted for absorption

A
  1. Villi and Microvilli: Increase surface area which increases the amount of substance that is diffused over
  2. One cell thick walls: Less area for nutrients to diffuse over which means diffusion can take place quicker
  3. Excellent blood supply: Maintains the concentration gradient
  4. Moist membranes
35
Q

Name the three parts of the small intestine:

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

36
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport: substances are transported passively down concentration gradients. Requires energy while diffusion does not.

37
Q

Why does our body carry out active transport?

A

So that we absorb all nutrients

38
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs all remaining water

39
Q

What is the function of rectum?

A

Stores faeces

40
Q

How do feces exit the body?

A

Anus

41
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores and releases bile

42
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produces bile

43
Q

What is the main section of the digestive system called?

A

Alimentary canal or Gastrointestinal tract

44
Q

What are the three section of feeding?

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Egestion

45
Q

Why does chewing food help with digestion?

A

It increases surface area for enzymes to work on and it makes the food easier to swallow

46
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

Incisor, Canine, Premolars, Molars

47
Q

What is the function of Incisors?

A

Bites off pieces of food

48
Q

What is the function of the canine?

A

Biting off pieces of food

49
Q

What is the function of the Premolar?

A

Tearing and grinding food

50
Q

What is the function of the molars?

A

Chewing and grinding food

51
Q

What is the wave-like motion in the esophagus called?

A

Peristalsis

Year 8 Biology (4 decks)

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