Food and Health

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing

Question 2

Food miles

Answer 2

measure of the distance that food travels from its source to the consumer. This can be given either in units of actual distance or of energy consumed during transport. 


Question 3

HALE

Answer 3

Health-adjusted life expectancy, based on life expectancy at birth but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health (due to disease and/or injury). It is the equivalent number of years in full health that a newborn can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality. 



Question 4

Transnational corporation (TNC)

Answer 4

A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment.

Question 5

Life expectancy

Answer 5

The average number of years a person born today would be expected to live given constant mortality conditions.

Question 6

Infant mortality rate

Answer 6

the number of infant deaths ( deaths of children below 1 year old) per 1000 live births per year

Question 7

calorie intake

Answer 7

The amount of energy intake from food per person per day. Measured in kilocalories per person per day

Question 8

Access to safe drinking water

Answer 8

the source is less than 1 kilometre away and it is possible to reliably obtain at least 20 litres per member of a household per day. The water must be up to the WHO standards.

Question 9

access to health services

Answer 9

Access to health refers to the number of healthcare facilities per 10,000 people or healthcare expenditure per capita.

Question 10

Malnutrition

Answer 10

A state of poor nutrition. This usually results from a deficiency of proteins, energy or minerals. May lead to one of a range of diseases depending on the particular nature of the malnutrition.

Question 11

Temporary hunger

Answer 11

Hunger is when there is a desire for food triggered by physiological responses caused by food deprivation.

Question 12

Chronic hunger

Answer 12

A state where the desire for food becomes extreme, due to prolonged food deprivation, to the point where normal bodily functions begin to be affected.

Question 13

Famine

Answer 13

situation where acute malnutrition rates among children exceed 30%, more than 2 people per 10 000 die per day, and people are not able to access food and other basic necessities

Question 14

Prevalence of a disease

Answer 14

The number of cases of a disease per 10,000 of the population

Question 15

Incidence

Answer 15

The risk of developing a disease or condition, measured by the number of new cases confirmed annually

Question 16

infectious

Answer 16

the quality of a disease being caused by an infectious agent which is directly or indirectly transmitted from a source of infection – living or non-living – to a susceptible host

Question 17

Non-communicable

Answer 17

the quality used to describe a disease that cannot be transmitted from an infected host.

Question 18

degenerative

Answer 18

a quality of a disease where the structure and function of the infected tissue worsens over time. e.g. osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

A disease that occurs frequently in a specific geographic location or within a species. e.g HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 20

Superbug

Answer 20

A strain of bacteria that has become resistant to normally used antibiotics e.g MRSA

Question 21

Re-emergent

Answer 21

a disease that had previously decreased in incidence due to being controlled or eliminated, which has recently increased in incidence e.g West Nile Virus (Endemic to Uganda and East Africa, transmitted by mosquitoes, re-emerged in NYC in 1999)

Question 22

DALY

Answer 22

disability adjusted life year. It quantifies the burden of disease from mortality and morbidity. One DALY is one lost year of healthy life. the sum of these DALYs across the population measures how far away we are from an ideal health situation

Question 23

Food security

Answer 23

When all people at all times have access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Question 24

Food aid

Answer 24

Any food-supported intervention aimed at improving the food security in an area.